ills and valleys with which he is familiar
excites his interest, and leads to closer observation. This may be
followed by the reproduction in molder's sand, or in clay, of the forms
seen in pictures or learned from description. Definitions of the various
forms, hill, mountain, valley, island, etc., should be developed as they
are molded. The memorizing of definitions should seldom be required, and
should never be made a test of the pupil's knowledge.

Reproduction by the hand should be followed by drawing, whenever this
can be done. Drawing teaches the child how to see well. It often enables
him to reveal what could not well be expressed in words. He also becomes
ready and rapid in the use of the pencil when he has ideas to put on
paper. Only reasonable accuracy should be required. Practice in making
fine pictures should not be the end sought, but the development of
geographical ideas.

Finally, pupils should be led to give clear and connected statements of
what has been learned. For a language lesson, a written description may
be prepared, illustrated by a drawing.

CONTENTS.

I.--POSITION

II.--HOW THE SUN SHOWS DIRECTION

III.--HOW THE STARS SHOW DIRECTION

IV.--HOW THE COMPASS SHOWS DIRECTION

V.--QUESTIONS ON DIRECTION

VI.--WHAT THE WINDS BRING (POEM)

VII.--HOW TO TELL DISTANCE

VIII.--PICTURES AND PLANS

IX.--WRITTEN EXERCISE

X.--GOD MADE THEM ALL (POEM)

XI.--PLAINS

XII.--HILLS, MOUNTAINS, VALLEYS

XIII.--RAIN, WIND, AND SNOW

XIV.--HOW WATER IS CHANGED TO VAPOR

XV.--HOW VAPOR IS CHANGED TO WATER

XVI.--DEW, CLOUDS, AND RAIN

XVII.--THE FAIRY ARTIST (POEM)

XVIII.--HOW RIVERS ARE MADE

XIX.--MORE ABOUT RIVERS

XX.--THE BROOK (POEM)

XXI.--WORK OF FLOWING RIVERS

XXII.--WATERDROP'S STORY

XXIII.--THE RIVER (POEM)

XXIV.--A MAP

XXV.--FORMS OF LAND AND WATER

XXVI.--MORE ABOUT FORMS OF LAND AND WATER

XXVII.--A TRIP TO THE HIGHLANDS

XXVIII.--SPRING (POEM)

XXIX.--USEFUL VEGETABLES

XXX.--USEFUL GRAINS

XXXI.--FRUITS

XXXII.--USEFUL PLANTS

XXXIII.--FOREST TREES

XXXIV.--FLOWERS

XXXV.--WHAT IS NECESSARY TO MAKE PLANTS GROW

XXXVI.--SUMMER RAIN (POEM)

XXXVII.--THE PARTS OF ANIMALS

XXXVIII.--THE COVERING OF ANIMALS

XXXIX.--USES OF ANIMALS

XL.--THE SIGNS OF THE SEASONS (POEM)

XLI.--THINGS FOUND IN THE EARTH

XLII.--MORE ABOUT THINGS FOUND IN THE EARTH

XLIII.--HOW PEOPLE LIVE, AND WHAT THEY ARE DOING

XLIV.--MORE ABOUT WHAT PEOPLE