eed things
which they do not produce. How can each obtain what he needs? By
exchanging one thing for another. This exchange of goods, or buying and
selling them for money; gives rise to another occupation called _trade_,
or _commerce_. So many people spend their time buying and selling grain,
vegetables, clothing, boots and shoes, or in sending them to places
where they are needed.

On all the large rivers and lakes you may see boats going up and down,
carrying goods from one part of the country to another.

Can you think how goods are carried from place to place where there are
no rivers? In countries where few people live, goods are often carried
in wagons and on the backs of animals.

I wonder how many people have to work to get food and clothing for us.
Make a list of all the occupations you can think of. Perhaps you can
think of other occupations we have not named. Is dressmaking an
occupation? Teaching? Which occupation would you prefer? Why?

If you think, perhaps you can tell why men do different kinds of work.
What people do to make a living, depends very much upon the place they
live in. For men almost always do that kind of work that pays them best
for their labor.

Those who live where the land is rich and level will raise grain to make
flour, or cotton and flax to make clothing. Some people among the
mountains work in the mines. Some keep cows for their milk and butter,
and sheep for their wool; for the hills and many of the mountain sides
afford excellent pasture. People who live near the sea will be apt to
catch fish along the coast, or engage in trade upon the water.

Employments in the city differ widely from those in the country. Here,
as we have learned, most people make their living by working in
factories, or as merchants in buying and selling goods which come from
all parts of the world.

All people do not live in the same way. Some people have no churches,
schools, books, or factories.

What do people who live in this way eat? What do they wear? How do they
spend their time?

LESSON XLV.

A REVIEW LESSON.

What kind of work is done by the people among whom you live? Are they
farmers? How does the farmer make his living? Where does he sell the
things which he raises? Where does he buy his sugar and tea and other
things which he needs?

Do you live in a city? What are the chief occupations of the people? Do
they work in shops or mills or factories?

Name some mills or factori