provided for the continuance of the criminal law of
England, and for the appointment of a Legislative Council, with limited
powers. =Index=: =E= Guarantees institutions of French Canada, 24. =Dr=
Introduced in House of Lords, 63; its delimitation of Canada gives
offence to older colonies, 63; concedes full religious liberty to Roman
Catholics and establishes French civil law, 64; opposition to, 65;
passed, 65; corporation of London petitions king to withhold assent, 69;
saves Canada to British crown, 78; agitation against, 79-81; goes into
force, 81, 89. =L= Beneficial operation of, 13. =Sy= Its effect in
creating cleavage between French and English in Canada, 62; precipitated
by American Revolution, 65; not carried out in its integrity, 66, 67; a
mistake as preventing the unification of Canada, 91. =BL= Its
provisions, 2-3; opposition to, 4; its results, 4. =P= Gives
French-Canadians long-deferred justice, 7; establishes French civil law,
9; the _magna charta_ of French-Canadians, 9, 16; its genesis and
history, 11. =Mc= Commentary on, 47; cause of its repeal, 47. =Hd=
Extends Quebec to Mississippi, 93; obnoxious to New Englanders, 101; not
satisfactory to English inhabitants, 173, 175; in Haldimand's opinion,
saved the country from going over to the enemy, 174; and estates of
Ursuline nuns, 179; opposition to, 180; repeal wanted, 188, 264;
Haldimand's opinion of, 195; his use of, 273. =Bib.=: Houston,
_Constitutional Documents of Canada_; Bourinot, _Constitutional History
of Canada_; Egerton and Grant, _Canadian Constitutional Documents_;
Bradley, _The Making of Canada_; Lucas, _History of Canada_. _See also_
Dorchester.

=Quebec City.= Founded by Champlain (_q.v._), in 1608. Seventy-three
years earlier, Jacques Cartier had sailed up the great river, and landed
near the same spot, wintering in a creek not far from the native town of
Stadacone. Champlain, in 1608, built a rude fort, the _Abitation de
Quebec_, and a warehouse. There he and his men spent the winter, but
before succour arrived in the spring, most Of them died of scurvy. Had a
man of less courage and resourcefulness been in Command, the infant
settlement of Quebec might have died a natural death. Champlain kept it
alive, and, though harassed by enemies, and neglected by the motherland,
the town grew steadily from the year of its birth. Quebec has passed
through five sieges, that of Kirke in 1629, that of Phipps, 1690, the
great siege of 1759, Levis's sieg