lics, and all the rest of the paraphernalia of political
emphasis:--

TAX PAYERS! Read Mr. Cobden's new pamphlet, the "THREE PANICS,"
and judge for yourselves. How long will you suffer Yourselves to
be Humbugged by PALMERSTONIANISM, and Robbed by the "Services,"
and others interested in a War Expenditure, even in times of
Peace? ... THE CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER APPEALS TO YOU TO HELP
HIM. You have the power in your own hands if you will only exert
it. Reform the House of Commons, AND DO IT THOROUGHLY THIS TIME.

Of the continuance of the struggle in 1862, a few items from the diary
give an adequate picture:--

_Jan. 30, 1862._--A heavy blow in the announcement of increased
military estimates from Sir George Lewis gave me a disturbed
evening. 31.--Worked on the formidable subject of the estimates,
and made known to the cabinet my difficulties. _Feb. 1._--Cabinet
3-1/2--6. It went well; the tenth penny [on the income-tax] proved to
be a strong physic; L750,000 of reductions ordered. 12.--Wrote mem.
on possible reductions, etc., to dispense with income-tax. The
whole question, I think, is, can we be satisfied (I think we ought
and will) with 21 millions for army and navy instead of 27? _March
1._--Cabinet 3-3/4--6-1/4, very stiff, on the Belgian negotiations I
had to go to the ultima ratio. 31.--H. of C. The fortifications got
their first blow.

By midsummer public feeling veered a little: "The tide has turned. Lord
Palmerston is now 'the strong swimmer in his agony.' "(34)

A candid and friendly observer has told us the situation: "When I was
private secretary to Lord Palmerston," he says, "and Mr. Gladstone was his
chancellor of the exchequer, it was a constant source of sorrow to me, and
a perpetual cause of mystery, to note how they misunderstood one another,
and how evidently each mistrusted the other, though perfectly cordial and
most friendly in their mutual intercourse.... If the proposal was adhered
to, Mr. Gladstone gave way. This seemed to Lord Palmerston a case of
gratuitous difficulties put in his way, and attempts to thwart without the
courage to resist."(35)

In closing this chapter, let us note that in spite of Lord Palmerston, he
won no inconsiderable success. When 1866 came, and his financial
administration ended, he had managed, with the aid of the reduction of
debt charge after the lapse of the long annuities, t