t the strongest criminal tendencies are on the female
side, and pauper tendencies on the male side. Crime and pauperism are
psychologically one and the same, one or the other being manifested as
the individual's character is strong or weak. A life may exhibit an
innocent childhood, a criminal maturity, and a pauper old age. The same
phases may be developed more slowly, and appear in successive
generations, or even in alternate generations. Intemperance is no doubt
frequently the immediate cause of crime, as seen in so many murders.
But Mr. Dugdale shows that the common belief that criminal tendencies
are the result of intemperance is not true, while the reverse is true,
that these tendencies produce physical degeneration, which craves the
stimulus of drink. These investigations show that the pauper is almost
irreclaimable. His mental weakness neutralizes every effort made for
his welfare, but the active criminal has strength enough to do better
if he will. As to women, it is shown that their immorality is the
precise counterpart of crime in the man, and it is to this fact that we
owe the steady development of our criminal population. Illegitimacy is
not in itself a cause of crime, but the environment of neglect in which
the illegitimate live is a fruitful cause. We cannot detail all the
conclusions of this close and exhaustive study of criminal character.
They are as numerous as they are disagreeable to read and contemplate.

[17] "_The Jukes._ A Study In Crime, Pauperism, Disease, and
Heredity." By R. L. DUGDALE. With an Introduction by Elisha
Harris, M.D. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.

--Dr. Bowen's pamphlet on "Dyspepsia," published by Loring, is so good,
so comforting, and so plain to persons who do not know any more of
medicine than is necessary to have the various diseases, that we are
glad to point it out to our readers. He says there is no case of
dyspepsia that cannot be cured, except such as are complicated with
other troubles that are necessarily fatal. He opposes the starvation
treatment, but does not give general directions for cure, saying that
each case must be studied and treated for itself.

* * * * *

Dr. Stillman's "Seeking the Golden Fleece"[18] is worth reading for its
faithful picture of a long sea voyage in the olden time. Nearly a
hundred passengers left New York in the Pacific, the captain and owner
being obliged to slink on board, t