the climate of Hungary as a
whole, but to _a peculiarity of climate_, uniting especial dryness
of the air during the hot season, from the time of the development
of the milk of the berry, through the period of its segregation of
the various constituents of the grain, down to its being housed for
thrashing." The Hungarian wheat is red, shrivelled, and hard, and
it is this hardness that fits it so well to the successive
crackings which constitute the process of "high milling."

Vienna bread is white, fine grained, perfectly sweet, aromatic,
agreeable without butter, thoroughly baked, and has a tender crust, and
Dr. Horsford shows dearly that this combination of excellences is not
the result of an art, but of the joint operation of many arts. Its
introduction may be made an economical act, for its peculiar succulence
makes butter or other condiment unnecessary. It is, however,
essentially a _baker's_ bread, for it should be eaten on the day it is
made, and is at its best immediately after becoming cold. There is
little room for expecting it to replace the kind of bread in vogue in
American homes, for that is just as much the result of peculiar
circumstances as the product of the Hungarian farm, the Austrian mill,
and the Vienna oven. Economy in labor is just as much a consideration
in most American families as it is in our workshops, and the
semi-weekly or weekly baking is the means by which it is obtained. But
American housewives can improve their bread by adopting from the
Austrian system the whitening of the yeast by washing, the small loaf,
and the rapid baking. The use of selected flour can hardly be obtained
unless the millers are offered a market for the darker flour that
remains. In Europe that is at hand in the nutritious "black" bread
which is everywhere _the_ staff of life, white bread being a luxury
taken only with coffee. In fact it is American cake that the Vienna
roll comes in competition with, and the habit of making cake almost
daily, which obtains in so many American homes, shows that there is
time and labor which can be turned to the production of the Vienna
bread if desired.

* * * * *

MODERN LOSS IN WARFARE.

The German government has just published the official statistics of the
losses in the war with France. The total killed and wounded was 3,919
officers and 60,978 men. The killed and dead of wounds were 1,374
officers and 16