rritories of Milan
and Parma, and earlier than this date they were driven beyond the
Venetian jurisdiction.

"It is the sound of fetters--sound of work
Is not so dismal. Hark! they pass along.
I know it is those Gipsy prisoners;
I saw them, heard their chains. O! terrible
To be in chains."

In Denmark they were not allowed to pass about the country unmolested,
and every magistrate was ordered to take them into custody. A very sharp
and severe order came out for their expulsion from Sweden in the year
1662. Sixty-one years later a second order was published by the Diet;
and in 1727 additional stringent measures were added to the foregoing
edicts. Under pain of death they were excluded from the Netherlands by
Charles V., and in 1582 by the United Provinces. Germany seems to have
led the van in passing laws for their extermination. At the Augsburg
Diet in 1500, Maximillian I. had the following edict drawn
up:--"Respecting those people who call themselves Gipsies roving up and
down the country. By public edict to all ranks of the empire, according
to the obligations under which they are bound to us and the Holy Empire,
it is strictly ordered that in future they do not permit the said Gipsies
(since there is authentic evidence of their being spies, scouts, and
conveyers of intelligence, betraying the Christians to the Turks) to pass
or remain within their territories, nor to trade or traffic, neither to
grant them protection nor convoy, and that the said Gipsies do withdraw
themselves before Easter next ensuing from the German Dominions, entirely
quit them, nor suffer themselves to be found therein. As in case they
should transgress after this time, and receive injury from any person,
they shall have no redress, nor shall such persons be thought to have
committed any crime." Grellmann says the same affair occupied the Diet
in 1530, 1544, 1548, and 1551, and was also enforced in the stringent
police regulations of Frankfort in 1577, and he goes on to say that with
the exception of Hungary and Transylvania, they were similarly proscribed
in every civilised state. I think it will be seen by the foregoing
German edict that there is some foundation for the supposition I have
brought forward earlier, viz., that the persecution of the Gipsies in
this country was not so much on account of their thieving deeds, plunder,
and other abominations, as their connection with the emissaries of the
Pope of Ro