and, more recently, of the Court of Appeal.

I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
T. E. HOLLAND.
Brighton, July 9 (1916).

On July 7, 1916, an Order in Council was made, revoking all
Orders by which the provisions of the Declaration had been
adopted, or modified, for the duration of the war; stating the
intention of the Allies to exercise their belligerent rights at
sea in strict accordance with the law of nations; but dealing
specifically with certain doubtful points. The Order was
accompanied by a memorandum, drawn up by the British and French
Governments, explaining how their expectation that in the
Declaration they would find "a suitable digest of principles
and compendium of working rules" had not been realised. See
also Lord Robert Cecil in the House of Commons on August 23,
with reference to the Zamora case, [1916] 2 Ch. c. 77.

On misuses of the term "Declaration" _cf. supra_, pp. 90, 91,
92.

GERMANY WRONG AGAIN

Sir,--The new German Note handed on Thursday last to the representatives
of the neutral Powers supports its allegation that the four Allied
Powers "have trampled upon right and torn up the treaties on which it
was based" by the following statement:--

"Already in the first weeks of the war England had renounced
the Declaration of London, the contents of which her own
delegates had recognised as binding in international law."

It is surely notorious that the delegates of a Power, by agreeing to the
draft of a treaty, give to it no international validity, which results
only when the treaty has been ratified by their Government. The
Declaration of London has, most fortunately, never been ratified by the
Government of Great Britain.

I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
T. E. HOLLAND.
Oxford, January 13 (1917).

INDEX

Absolute contraband. _See_ Contraband
Abstention, 129
Acquiescence, State duty of, 129, 130, 133, 136
_Actaeon_, the, 176, 179
Acts of Parliament, 61, 63
Admiralty Manual of Prize Law, 156, 159, 192
Aerial warfare, 61
Air, opposite views as to rights over, 64, 65
Aircraft in war, 69
_Alabama_, the, 131, 183
_Alexander, Mrs., the cotton of_, 153
Alien enemies, civil disabilities of, 47, 49, 205
_Allanton_, the, 158, 161, 162, 163
_Ancipitis usus_, articles, 148
_Angarie, Droit d'_, 170
_Appam_, the, 146
_Arabia_, the, 152
Arbitration, 1-6, 184
treaties, general, 6, 7
treaties, lim