ic measures on the Delaware, supplanting the Swiss, demolishing
fort Nassau and erecting fort Casimir. They became alarmed lest such
violent measures might embroil them with the Swedish government. In a
letter addressed to Stuyvesant, they wrote:

"Your journey to the South river, and what has passed there
between you and the Swedes, was very unexpected to us, as
you did not give us before so much as a hint of your
intention. We cannot give our opinion upon it until we have
heard the complaints of the Swedish governor to his queen,
and have ascertained how these have been received at her
court. We hope that our arguments, to prove that we were the
first possessors of that country, will be acknowledged as
sufficient. Time will instruct us of the design of the
new-built fort Casimir. We are at a loss to conjecture for
what reason it has received this name. You ought to be on
your guard that it be well secured, so that it cannot be
surprised."

The States-General were more and more dissatisfied with the measures
of Governor Stuyvesant. The treaty of Hartford was severely censured.
They said that the Connecticut river should have been the eastern
boundary of New Netherland, and that the whole of Long Island should
have been retained. Even the West India Company became convinced that
it was necessary to make some concessions to the commonalty at
Manhattan. They therefore communicated to Stuyvesant their consent
that the "burgher government" should be established, which the
committee of Nine had petitioned for in behalf of the commonalty, in
1649, and which the States-General had authorized in 1650.

By this arrangement the people were to elect seven representatives,
who were to form a municipal court of justice, subject to the right of
appeal to the Supreme Court of the province. The sheriff was also
invested with new powers. He was to convoke and preside at the
municipal court, to prosecute all offenders against the laws, and to
take care that all the judgments of the court should be executed. The
people at Manhattan had thus won, to a very considerable degree, the
popular government which they had so long desired.

Quite to the amazement of the Directors of the West India Company, the
States-General recalled Stuyvesant, ordering him to return immediately
to Holland to give an account of his administration. He had been in
the main the faithful agent of th