of _Deutschtum_ in an
alien country, and act as agents for the home industry. It is also
claimed that Germany "dumps" her goods on foreign markets, thus causing
losses or even total destruction to rival industries. Yet all these
things have been done before, and even the nations which object are not
always innocent of like practices. What is deeply resented, however,
is that the German competition is a disciplined state-aided
competition, that it is collective rather than individual. The
Belgian, Italian or Dutch {118} manufacturer feels that behind his
German competitor stand the gigantic power and resources of the whole
German nation. It is not individual Germans who compete, but Germany;
a patient, resourceful, long-sighted Germany, willing to make temporary
sacrifices for permanent gains, a Germany forced to expand industrially
and bending its immense wealth and power to this one purpose. Against
such an organised body what can a single manufacturer avail?

The means at Germany's disposal in this invasion of near-lying markets
are varied and great. Industry is organised; the German has a genius
for organisation. In all the near-lying countries, concerns with
German connections open up a wide channel for the incoming wares. In
Antwerp, in Rotterdam, in Zurich, a large part of the big business is
in German hands. German banks are established and these aid directly
or indirectly in the importation of German commodities. Moreover, the
Germans are better informed than any of their rivals concerning all the
minute knowledge necessary to the conquest of a local market. Their
business plans are not only far flung but meticulous; they have a
card-index method of study and their training is admirably adapted to
just these methods of commercial penetration.

No such penetration would be possible, however, but for the
intelligence with which German industry is conducted at home. In
Germany the scientifically trained man is more highly regarded than in
any other country. The chemist, the engineer, the specialist of every
sort is called into consultation and the laboratory is united to the
factory. The vast expense of maintaining a corps of inventors forever
working at new problems is more than compensated for by the frequent
technical improvements which result from their studies. The scientific
men employed by {119} the German chemical factories have revolutionised
methods and given Germany almost a monopoly in