] "The Ostrich," _Zoologist_, March 1897; quoted by Havelock Ellis,
_Psychology of Sex_, Vol. III. p. 34.

[69] Audubon, _Scenes de la Nature_, Vol. I. p. 317.

[70] J. Lewis Bonhote, _The Birds of Britain_, p. 39.

[71] Audubon, _Scenes de la Nature_, Vol. I. p. 383.

[72] Epinas, _Societes Animales_, p. 299.

[73] _Argentine Ornithology_, Vol. I. p. 148; quoted by Havelock
Ellis, _Psychology of Sex_, Vol. III. p. 33.

[74] Wallace, _Darwinism_, p. 284; also J. Lewis Bonhote, _The Birds
of Britain_, p. 319.

[75] Letourneau, _Evolution of Marriage_, pp. 14-15.

[76] Wallace, _Darwinism_, p. 287.

[77] H.O. Forbes, _A Naturalist's Wanderings_, p. 131; quoted by
Havelock Ellis, _Psychology of Sex_, Vol. III. pp. 33-34.

[78] Darwin, _Descent of Man_, p. 438.

[79] Epinas, _Soc. animales_, p. 326; and Letourneau, _Evolution of
Marriage_, p. 14.

[80] Darwin, _Descent of Man_, p. 438; Letourneau, _op. cit._, p. 13.

[81] _Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova_, t. IX.
fasc. 3-4, 1877, quoted by Letourneau, whose account I give; _op.
cit._, p. 14.

[82] Havelock Ellis, _Psychology of Sex_, Vol. III. pp. 18-24, has
discussed this question at some length. The brief account I have given
is a summary of his view. I take this opportunity of gratefully
acknowledging the great help I have gained from the illuminating and
valuable works of Mr. Ellis.

[83] These facts are taken from Mr. J. Lewis Bonhote's _British
Birds_. I may add that in many species where the sexes are alike the
young are quite different from the parents, a fact which seems to have
escaped the notice of those who say that the young birds resemble the
female. A very curious instance is furnished by the greater spotted
woodpecker, where the sexes are similar, but the female lacks the red
crown of the male; and yet the young _of both sexes_ have this red
crown.

[84] This seems to be the position taken by Professor Geddes and J.A.
Thomson in _Evolution of Sex_, pp. 4-5.

[85] Several examples are mentioned by Wallace, _Darwinism_, p. 281.
He, however, brings them forward in quite a different connection to
prove his theory of the protective duller colours of the female birds.

[86] My facts of the phalaropes are taken from J. Lewis Bonhote's
_British Birds_, pp. 314-315.

[87] _Pure Sociology_, p. 331.

[88] Epinas, _Soc. animales_, p. 422.

[89] Audubon, _Scenes de la Nature_, t. Ier, p. 29. I may say, that at
the time of