7] The committee also authorized him to draw on their treasurer,
Patrick L. Jackson, for $500.

[68] Samuel Johnson, the accomplished Oriental scholar and devoted
friend of the slave.

[69] The italics are his.

[70] The above account of Capt. Brown was prepared for us by the widow
of the late Major Geo. L. Stearns. It is printed as written, and
breathes a beautiful spirit of love and tender remembrance for the two
heroes mentioned.

[71] This letter is printed for the first time, with Mrs. Stearns's
consent.

PART 7.

_THE NEGRO IN THE WAR FOR THE UNION._

CHAPTER XIV.

DEFINITION OF THE WAR ISSUE.

INCREASE OF SLAVE POPULATION IN SLAVE-HOLDING STATES FROM
1850-1860.--PRODUCTS OF SLAVE LABOR.--BASIS OF SOUTHERN
REPRESENTATION.--SIX SECEDING STATES ORGANIZE A NEW
GOVERNMENT.--CONSTITUTION OF THE CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT.--SPEECH
BY ALEXANDER H. STEPHENS.--MR. LINCOLN IN FAVOR OF GRADUAL
EMANCIPATION.--HE IS ELECTED PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.--THE
ISSUE OF THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES.

In 1860 there were, in the fifteen slave-holding States, 12,240,000
souls, of whom 8,039,000 were whites, 251,000 free persons of color,
and 3,950,000 were slaves. The gain of the entire population of the
slave-holding States, from 1850-1860, was 2,627,000, equal to 27.33
per cent. The slave population had increased 749,931, or 23.44 per
cent., not including the slaves in the District of Columbia, where
they had lost 502 slaves during the decade. The nineteen
non-slave-holding States and the seven territories, including the
District of Columbia, contained 19,203,008 souls, of whom 18,920,771
were whites, 237,283 free persons of color, and 41,725 civilized
Indians. The actual increase of this population was 5,624,101, or
41.24 per cent. During the same period--1850-1860--the total
population of free persons of color in the United States increased
from 434,449 to 487,970, or at the rate of 12.33 per cent., annual
increase of above 1 per cent. In 1850 the Mulattoes were 11.15 per
cent., regarding the United States as one aggregate, and in 1860 were
13.25 per cent., of the entire Colored population.

TOTAL COLORED POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES.
--------------+-----------------------+---------------
| Numbers. | Proportions.
+-----------+-----------+-------+-------
Colored. | 1850. | 1860. | 1850. | 1860.
--