ost 228 killed and
812 wounded, including many officers, and the Dutch 540 killed and 620
wounded. Of the whole Dutch fleet seven only escaped, and five of these
were afterwards captured. With regard to the number of their guns, the
two fleets were almost equal--the English ships carrying altogether 1150
guns, and the Dutch 1034; besides which, the latter had some corvettes
and brigs which took part in the action, and greatly annoyed their
opponents, though their guns were not counted. The victory of
Camperdown was gained by the very men who had taken part in the mutiny.
On the news reaching England, all those still under sentence were
pardoned.

During this year occurred the unfortunate attack on Santa Cruz, in the
island of Teneriffe, when, in attempting to land on the mole, Nelson
lost an arm, and the gallant Captain Bowen, with several lieutenants,
was killed, many of the boats being sunk and their crews perishing.

In the year 1798 the French made three attempts to land armies in
Ireland, but on each occasion their fleets were driven back, and many of
their ships were captured. A previous attempt had been made in 1796,
when they were scattered and discomfited by the weather. The second
succeeded in landing a body of troops; the greater number were killed,
and the survivors were made prisoners. In the third, the _Hoche_, under
the command of Commodore Bompart, was captured, as were several frigates
of his squadron; while the fourth, finding the warm reception the troops
would meet with should they attempt to land, put back into port.

At this time there were no less than 30,000 French prisoners in England,
and by an agreement with their own government, which was to support
them, it was arranged they should reside at Portsmouth, Plymouth, Norman
Cross, Liverpool, Edinburgh, Chatham, and Stapleton. Arrangements were
made towards the end of the war for the exchange of prisoners, but it
was found that there were only 2800 English in France. The French
Directory now issued a decree declaring that all persons natives of, or
originally belonging to, neutral countries, or countries in alliance
with France, serving on board any English ship, should be tried as
pirates. The English Government, in retaliation, threatened to treat
all subjects of the French Republic in the same manner, should the
savage order be carried out. This threat had the desired effect.

Bonaparte had been for some time planning a campaign i