impairing the validity of contracts,
shall be made;

That no bill of attainder shall be passed;

That no power of suspending laws shall be exercised except by the
legislature.

RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED.--Among the worst abuses of tyranny in all ages
have been the corruption of the courts and the denial of the rights of
common justice. To guard against these it is expressly provided:

That the writ of _habeas corpus_ shall not be suspended except when, in
cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it;

That, except in capital cases, persons charged with crime may give bail;

That no excessive bail shall be required;

That all courts shall be open;

That the accused shall have a speedy trial in the district in which the
offense was committed;

That the ancient mode of trial by jury shall be maintained; but civil
suits, by consent of the parties, may be tried without a jury;

That all persons injured in lands, goods, person, or reputation shall
have remedy by course of law;

That the accused shall be informed of the nature of the charges against
him;

That he shall be confronted by the witnesses against him;

That he shall be heard in his own defense, and may have the benefit of
counsel;

That he shall not be required to testify against himself;

That he shall not be deprived of life, liberty, or property except by
due process of law;

That no cruel or unusual punishment shall be inflicted;

That no one shall be twice placed in jeopardy for the same offense.

No citizen of the United States would deny the justice of these
declarations. They are so reasonable it seems strange that they should
ever have been questioned. "But in enumerating them we are treading on
sacred ground. Their establishment cost our ancestors hundreds of
years of struggle against arbitrary power, in which they gave their
blood and treasure."[2]

It was to secure and maintain a part of these rights that the American
colonies went to war with Great Britain, and made good their
Declaration of Independence by an appeal to arms.

Most of these rights are preserved in the Constitution of the United
States, to prevent encroachments upon the liberties of the people by
the General Government. They are repeated in the State constitution in
order that they may not be invaded by the State Government. There is
also a provision in the constitution of the State which declares that
"the enumeration of certain rights