to something he never intended. He looked upon an
internal secretion as simply maintaining the normal composition of the
blood, which bathed alike and treated alike the democracy of cells.
Today, the blood is believed merely the transporting medium for the
internal secretion, destined for a particular group of cells.

ADDISON'S AS THE FIRST ENGLISH CONTRIBUTION

The years 1855-56 are red-letter years in the history of the glands of
internal secretion. They witnessed, not only the publication of
Claude Bernard's "Lectures on Experimental Physiology," but also the
appearance of a monograph by Thomas Addison, an English physician,
entitled "On the constitutional and local effects of disease of the
suprarenal bodies." In this, he described a fatal disease during which
the individual affected became languid and weak, and developed a dingy
or smoky discoloration of the whole surface of the body, a browning
or bronzing of the skin, caused generally by destructive tuberculous
disease of the suprarenal or adrenal bodies. Addison promptly put down
these constitutional effects of loss of the adrenal bodies to loss
of something produced by them of constitutional importance. He was
particularly struck by the change in the pigmentation of the skin, so
much so that his own designation for the affection was "bronzed
skin." Since then, however, the condition has been universally styled
Addison's Disease.

There is something spectacularly mysterious and picturesque about most
of the malign, insidious effects of the disease which appealed at once
to a number of investigators. The most adventurous, the most daring,
the most imbued with enthusiasm for the experimental method, was the
American Frenchman, Brown-Sequard, who is acknowledged the father of
modern knowledge of the glands of internal secretion, though to Claude
Bernard belong the honors of the grandfather.

BROWN-SEQUARD THE GREAT

Brown-Sequard, as the outstanding figure in the history of the glands
of internal secretion, deserves some notice as a personality. In the
words of the note-makers for novels and plays, he was a card. He was
born in 1817 at Port-Louis, on the island of Mauritius, off Africa,
then French property. His father was a Mr. Brown, an American sea
captain; his mother a Mme. Sequard, a Frenchwoman. Early in childhood,
the father sailed away on one of his voyages and never came back. The
mother thereafter supported herself and her son sewing embroideries.
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