y. His sharply outlined features and
a powerful lower jaw, combined with oddly small plump hands, long
straight black hair, and dark complexion, all point to the pituitary,
with a secondary adrenal effect. His pulse was slow, according to
Corvisart, his personal physician, rarely above 50 to the minute. His
sexual life, his libido, was abnormal. Curiously explosive in their
appearance and manifestations were his sexual impulses. They "beset
him on occasions which were sometimes inconvenient, and a peculiarity
about them was that they subsided with equal suddenness if not
immediately gratified, or if meanwhile something occurred to
discourage his attention. All women were to him 'filles de joie.'
Sexual rather than social attractions in women appealed to him."
He was never in love, never possessed of permanent affection or
tenderness for any woman. This explosive periodicity of the sexual
life, "with a tendency to compression of it to the merely physical,"
is another mark of some pituitary-centered personalities.

Two other phenomena that persisted throughout his life throw light
upon his endocrine constitution. One was trouble with his bladder
which he told Antommarchi, another physician, bothered him as long as
he could remember. Irritability of the bladder was so pronounced that
he could not sleep for more than a few hours at a time. After battles,
the trouble became worse so that it interfered with his riding.
Constitutional difficulties in urination have been connected
definitely with the function of the pituitary. The other pituitary
disturbances which tinctured his life were certain "brain storms,"
attacks of vomiting followed by "stupor verging on unconsciousness"
brought on by outbursts of temper, physical overexertion, mental
strain, or sexual excitement. It has been shown that such epileptic
tendencies are present in subjects of pituitary disease, particularly
those with pituitary instability. In Napoleon's case the brain attacks
may have been crises of pituitary insufficiency in a hyper-pituitary
type. This supposition is borne out by the headache which followed
them, the headache of an oversecreting pituitary compensating for
a defect in its formation. During his prime, his intellect was
mathematical, logical, and rational, and remarkable for a prodigious
memory. Such an intellect is the product of an extraordinary
ante-pituitary. That he never permitted feeling to interfere with
the dictates of his judgmen