ctor
and of the philanthropist, the factor of "upper-race" repugnance, the
"economic-leech" argument, the "rat-rice-filth-and-opium" argument, have
all entered into the problem. Certain it is that though the unprejudiced
must admit that exclusion has not been at all an unmixed blessing, yet
the consensus of opinion is that a large population, non-citizen and
non-assimilable, sending--it is said--most of their earnings to China,
living in the main meanly at best, and practically without wives,
children or homes, is socially and economically a menace outweighing the
undoubted convenience of cheaper (and frequently more trustworthy)
menial labour than the other population affords. The exclusion had much
to do with making the huge single crop ranches unprofitable and in
leading to their replacement by small farms and varied crops. Many of
the Chinese now in the state are wealthy. Race feeling against them has
become much less marked.

One outcome of early mission history, the "Pious Fund of the
Californias," claimed in 1902 the attention of the Hague Tribunal. (See
ARBITRATION, INTERNATIONAL, Hague cases section.) In 1906-1907 there was
throughout the state a remarkable anti-Japanese agitation, centring in
San Francisco (q.v.) and affecting international relations and national
politics.

GOVERNORS OF CALIFORNIA (State)[6]

I. SPANISH

Gasper de Portola served 1767-1770
Filipe de Barri " 1771-1774
Felipe de Neve " 1774-1782
Pedro Pages " 1782-1791
Jose Antonio Romeu " 1791-1792
*Jose Joaquin de Arillaga " 1792-1794
Diego de Borica " 1794-1800
*Jose Joaquin de Arillaga " 1800-1804
Jose Joaquin de Arillaga " 1804-1814
*Jose Diario Arguello " 1814-1815
Pablo Vicente de Sola " 1815-1822

II. Mexican

Pablo Vicente de Sola served 1822
*Luis Antonio Arguello " 1822-1825
Jose Maria Echeandia " 1825-1831
Manuel Victoria " 1831
Jose Maria Echeandia[7] " 1831-1832
Pio Pico[8] " 1832
Jose Figueroa " 1832-1835
*Jose Castro " 1835-1836
*Nicolas Gutierrez " 1836
Mariano Chico " 1836
Nicolas Gutierrez " 1