t and plundered San Jose del Cabo,
Todos Santos and Loreto. In the war between Mexico and the United States
La Paz and other coast towns were occupied by small detachments from
California. In 1853 a filibustering expedition against Sonora under
William Walker took possession of La Paz and proclaimed a republic
consisting of Sonora and the peninsula. Fearing an attack from the
mainland, the filibusters first withdrew to La Ensenada, near the
American frontier, and then in the following year broke up altogether
during an attempt to invade Sonora by land. A revolution under the
leadership of Marquez de Leon in 1879 met with some temporary success,
but died for want of material support in 1880. The development of mining
and other industries since that time, together with vigorous efforts to
found colonies in the more favoured localities, have greatly improved
the situation in the territory.

See the two volumes of H.H. Bancroft's _North Mexican States and
Texas_, lettered vols. 15 and 16 of his _Works_; also Arthur Walbridge
North, _The Mother of California_ (San Francisco, 1908).

CALIFORNIA, UNIVERSITY OF, one of the largest and most important of
state universities in America, situated at Berkeley, California, on the
E. shore of San Francisco Bay. It took the place of the College of
California (founded in 1855), received California's portion of the
Federal land grant of 1862, was chartered as a state institution by the
legislature in 1868, and opened its doors in 1869 at Oakland. In 1873 it
was removed to its present site. In the revised state constitution of
1879 provision is made for it as the head of the state's educational
system. The grounds at Berkeley cover 270 acres on the lower slopes
(299-900 ft.) of the Berkeley Hills, which rise 1000 ft. or more above
the university; the view over the bay to San Francisco and the Golden
Gate is superb. In recent years new and better buildings have gradually
been provided. In 1896 an international architectural competition was
opened at the expense of Mrs Phoebe R. Hearst (made a regent of the
university in 1898) for plans for a group of buildings harmonizing with
the university's beautiful site, and ignoring all buildings already
existing. The first prize was awarded in 1899 to Emile Benard, of Paris.
The first building begun under the new plans was that for the college of
mines (the gift of Mrs Hearst), completed in 1907, providing worthily
for the important scho