Brace & Howe, 1920.)

[272] From Raymond Dodge, "The Psychology of Propaganda," _Religious
Education_, XV (1920), 241-52.

[273] From William G. Sumner, _Folkways_, pp. 53-56. (Ginn & Co., 1906.)

[274] Adapted from Frederic J. Stimson, _Popular Law-Making_, pp. 2-16.
(Charles Scribner's Sons, 1912.)

[275] From Charles A. Ellwood, "Religion and Social Control," in the
_Scientific Monthly_, VII (1918), 339-41.

[276] Albert H. Post, _Evolution of Law: Select Readings on the Origin
and Development of Legal Institutions_, Vol. II, "Primitive and Ancient
Legal Institutions," complied by Albert Kocourek and John H. Wigmore;
translated from the German by Thomas J. McCormack. Section 2,
"Ethnological Jurisprudence," p. 12. (Boston, 1915.)

[277] Quoted by James Bryce, "Influence of National Character and
Historical Environment on Development of Common Law," annual address to
the American Bar Association, 1907, _Reports of the American Bar
Association_, XXXI (1907), 447.

[278] Henry S. Maine, _Ancient Law_. Its connection with the early
history of society and its relation to modern ideas, pp. 4-5. 14th ed.
(London, 1891.)

[279] For the distinction between the cultural process and the political
process see _supra_, pp. 52-53.

CHAPTER XIII

COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR

I. INTRODUCTION

1. Collective Behavior Defined

A collection of individuals is not always, and by the mere fact of its
collectivity, a society. On the other hand, when people come together
anywhere, in the most casual way, on the street corner or at a railway
station, no matter how great the social distances between them, the mere
fact that they are aware of one another's presence sets up a lively
exchange of influences, and the behavior that ensues is both social and
collective. It is social, at the very least, in the sense that the train
of thought and action in each individual is influenced more or less by
the action of every other. It is collective in so far as each individual
acts under the influence of a mood or a state of mind in which each
shares, and in accordance with conventions which all quite unconsciously
accept, and which the presence of each enforces upon the others.

The amount of individual eccentricity or deviation from normal and
accepted modes of behavior which a community will endure without comment
and without protest will vary naturally enough with the character of the
community. A cosmopolitan community like New Yor