cter of his Work 78

CHAPTER X.

Supposed Fluctuations of Opinion--Causes or Means of
the Transformation of Species 97

CHAPTER XI.

Buffon--Puller Quotations 107

CHAPTER XII.

Sketch of Dr. Erasmus Darwin's Life 173

CHAPTER XIII.

Philosophy of Dr. Erasmus Darwin 195

CHAPTER XIV.

Fuller Quotations from the 'Zoonomia' 214

CHAPTER XV.

Memoir of Lamarck 235

CHAPTER XVI.

General Misconception concerning Lamarck--His
Philosophical Position 244

CHAPTER XVII.

Summary of the 'Philosophie Zoologique' 261

CHAPTER XVIII.

Mr. Patrick Matthew, MM. Etienne and Isidore Geoffroy
St. Hilaire, and Mr. Herbert Spencer 315

CHAPTER XIX.

Main Points of Agreement and of Difference between the
Old and New Theories of Evolution 335

CHAPTER XX.

Natural Selection considered as a Means of Modification--The
Confusion which this Expression occasions 345

CHAPTER XXI.

Mr. Darwin's Defence of the Expression, Natural
Selection--Professor Mivart and Natural Selection 362

CHAPTER XXII.

The Case of the Madeira Beetles as illustrating the
Difference between the Evolution of Lamarck and
of Mr. Charles Darwin--Conclusion 373

APPENDIX 385

INDEX 409

EVOLUTION, OLD AND NEW

CHAPTER I.

STATEMENT OF THE QUESTION. CURRENT OPINION ADVERSE TO TELEOLOGY.

Of all the questions now engaging the attention of those whose destiny
has commanded them to take more or less exercise of mind, I know of none
more interesting than that which deals with what is called
teleology--that is to say, with design or purpose, as evidenced by the
different parts of animals and plants.

The question may be briefly stated thus:--

Can we or can we not see signs in the structure of animals and plants,
of something which carries with it the idea of contrivance so strongly
that it is impossible for us to think of the structure, without at the