8

5. The Hegira, or the expulsion of the Moslems from Mecca 9

6. The persecution of the Moslems by the Koreish after their
flight from Mecca 11

_II.--The Meccans or the Koreish._

7. A Koreish chieftain commits a raid near Medina, A.H. 1 _ib._

8. The Koreish march to attack Medina. Battle of Badr _ib._

9. Attack by Abu Sofian upon Medina, A.H. 2 12

10. Battle of Ohad 12

11. Mohammad's prestige affected by the defeat _ib._

12. Abu Sofian threatened the Moslems with another attack next
year 13

13. The Koreish again attack Medina with a large army.
Mohammad defends the city. The enemy retire. A.H. 5 14

14. Mohammad with his followers advanced to perform the
lesser pilgrimage of Mecca. The Koreish oppose Mohammad,
who return disappointed. The treaty of Hodeibia 15

15. Violation of the treaty by the Koreish and their submission 16

16. Two other tribes assume the offensive _ib._

_III.--The Defensive Character of the Wars._

17. Verses from the Koran in support of the defensive character
of the wars 25

18. What the above quoted verses show 26

19. Justification of the Moslems in taking up arms against their
aggressors 27

20. The first aggression after the Hegira was not on the part
of Mohammad 28

21. The alleged instances examined 29

22. Hamza and Obeida's expeditions _ib._

23. Abwa, Bowat, and Osheira expeditions 30

24. The affair at Nakhla 31

25. At Badr Mohammad came only in his defence 33

26. The first aggression after the Hegira if from Mohammad,
might fairly be looked upon as retaliation 34

_IV.--The Jews._

27. The Jews broke treaties _ib._

28. Bani Kainukaa, Bani Nazeer, Khyber, and Ghatafan 35

29. Notice of them in Koran 37

30. The