04), returned to Sir W.T. 1698, and on his death in 1699 _pub._
his works, returned to Ireland and obtained some small preferments,
visits London and became one of the circle of Addison, etc., deserts the
Whigs and joins the Tories 1710, attacking the former in various papers
and pamphlets, Dean of St. Patrick's 1713, death of Anne and ruin of
Tories destroyed hopes of further preferment, and he returned to Ireland
and began his _Journal to Stella_, _Drapier's Letters_ appeared 1724,
visits England, and joins with Pope and Arbuthnot in _Miscellanies_ 1726,
_pub._ _Gulliver's Travels_ 1727, "Stella" _d._ 1728, gradually lost his
faculties and _d._ 1745.

_Lives_ by Craik (1882), Leslie Stephen (1882), Churton Collins (1893),
etc. _Works_ ed. by Sir Walter Scott (19 vols., 1814, etc.) Bonn's
Standard Library (1897-1908).

SWINBURNE, ALGERNON CHARLES (1837-1909).--Poet, _s._ of Admiral S. and of
Lady Jane Ashburnham, _dau._ of the 3rd Earl of A., _b._ in London,
received his early education in France, and was at Eton and at Balliol
Coll., Oxf., where he attracted the attention of Jowett, and gave himself
to the study of Latin, Greek, French, and Italian, with special reference
to poetic form. He left Oxf. without graduating in 1860, and in the next
year _pub._ two plays, _The Queen Mother_ and _Rosamund_, which made no
impression on the public, though a few good judges recognised their
promise. The same year he visited Italy, and there made the acquaintance
of Walter Savage Landor (_q.v._). On his return he lived for some time
in Cheyne Row, Chelsea, with D.G. Rossetti (_q.v._), and G. Meredith
(_q.v._). The appearance in 1865 of _Atalanta in Calydon_ led to his
immediate recognition as a poet of the first order, and in the same year
he _pub._ _Chastelard, a Tragedy_, the first part of a trilogy relating
to Mary Queen of Scots, the other two being _Bothwell_ (1874), and _Mary
Stuart_ (1881). _Poems and Ballads_, _pub._ in 1866, created a profound
sensation alike among the critics and the general body of readers by its
daring departure from recognised standards, alike of politics and
morality, and gave rise to a prolonged and bitter controversy, S.
defending himself against his assailants in _Notes on Poems and Reviews_.
His next works were the _Song of Italy_ (1867) and _Songs before Sunrise_
(1871). Returning to the Greek models which he had followed with such
brilliant success in _Atalanta_ he produced _Erechtheus_ (18