permitted
to reside within the walls of Ravenna, a captive rather than a master;
and till the Imperial coronation of Charlemagne, the government of Rome
and Italy was exercised in the name of the successors of Constantine.
[41]

[Footnote 37: I shall transcribe the important and decisive passage
of the Liber Pontificalis. Respiciens ergo pius vir profanam principis
jussionem, jam contra Imperatorem quasi contra hostem se armavit,
renuens haeresim ejus, scribens ubique se cavere Christianos, eo quod
orta fuisset impietas talis. Igitur permoti omnes Pentapolenses, atque
Venetiarum exercitus contra Imperatoris jussionem restiterunt; dicentes
se nunquam in ejusdem pontificis condescendere necem, sed pro ejus magis
defensione viriliter decertare, (p. 156.)]

[Footnote 38: A census, or capitation, says Anastasius, (p. 156;) a
most cruel tax, unknown to the Saracens themselves, exclaims the zealous
Maimbourg, (Hist. des Iconoclastes, l. i.,) and Theophanes, (p. 344,)
who talks of Pharaoh's numbering the male children of Israel. This mode
of taxation was familiar to the Saracens; and, most unluckily for the
historians, it was imposed a few years afterwards in France by his
patron Louis XIV.]

[Footnote 39: See the Liber Pontificalis of Agnellus, (in the Scriptores
Rerum Italicarum of Muratori, tom. ii. pars i.,) whose deeper shade
of barbarism marks the difference between Rome and Ravenna. Yet we are
indebted to him for some curious and domestic facts--the quarters and
factions of Ravenna, (p. 154,) the revenge of Justinian II, (p. 160,
161,) the defeat of the Greeks, (p. 170, 171,) &c.]

[Footnote 40: Yet Leo was undoubtedly comprised in the si quis ....
imaginum sacrarum.... destructor.... extiterit, sit extorris a cor
pore D. N. Jesu Christi vel totius ecclesiae unitate. The canonists may
decide whether the guilt or the name constitutes the excommunication;
and the decision is of the last importance to their safety, since,
according to the oracle (Gratian, Caus. xxiii. q. 5, 47, apud Spanheim,
Hist. Imag. p. 112) homicidas non esse qui excommunicatos trucidant.]

[Footnote 41: Compescuit tale consilium Pontifex, sperans conversionem
principis, (Anastas. p. 156.) Sed ne desisterent ab amore et fide R.
J. admonebat, (p. 157.) The popes style Leo and Constantine Copronymus,
Imperatores et Domini, with the strange epithet of Piissimi. A famous
Mosaic of the Lateran (A.D. 798) represents Christ, who delivers the
keys to St.