to
his account: he felt, that he had been the author of sin and scandal;
and as his undertaking had failed, the indecency of his military
character was universally condemned. [35] With these dispositions, he
listened to the offers of a beneficial treaty; deserted an alliance
which he had preached as the cause of God; and ratified the past
and future conquests of the Normans. By whatever hands they had been
usurped, the provinces of Apulia and Calabria were a part of the
donation of Constantine and the patrimony of St. Peter: the grant
and the acceptance confirmed the mutual claims of the pontiff and the
adventurers. They promised to support each other with spiritual and
temporal arms; a tribute or quitrent of twelve pence was afterwards
stipulated for every ploughland; and since this memorable transaction,
the kingdom of Naples has remained above seven hundred years a fief of
the Holy See. [36]

[Footnote 33: See the expedition of Leo XI. against the Normans. See
William Appulus (l. ii. p. 259-261) and Jeffrey Malaterra (l. i. c. 13,
14, 15, p. 253.) They are impartial, as the national is counterbalanced
by the clerical prejudice]

[Footnote 34:

Teutonici, quia caesaries et forma decoros

Fecerat egregie proceri corporis illos

Corpora derident Normannica quae breviora

Esse videbantur.

The verses of the Apulian are commonly in this strain, though he heats
himself a little in the battle. Two of his similes from hawking and
sorcery are descriptive of manners.]

[Footnote 35: Several respectable censures or complaints are produced by
M. de St. Marc, (tom. ii. p. 200-204.) As Peter Damianus, the oracle
of the times, has denied the popes the right of making war, the hermit
(lugens eremi incola) is arraigned by the cardinal, and Baronius (Annal.
Eccles. A.D. 1053, No. 10-17) most strenuously asserts the two swords of
St. Peter.]

[Footnote 36: The origin and nature of the papal investitures are ably
discussed by Giannone, (Istoria Civile di Napoli, tom. ii. p. 37-49,
57-66,) as a lawyer and antiquarian. Yet he vainly strives to reconcile
the duties of patriot and Catholic, adopts an empty distinction of
"Ecclesia Romana non dedit, sed accepit," and shrinks from an honest but
dangerous confession of the truth.]

The pedigree of Robert of Guiscard [37] is variously deduced from the
peasants and the dukes of Normandy: from the peasants, by the pride and
ignorance of a Grecian princess; [38]