tulation of Palermo in Malaterra, l. ii. c.
45, and Giannone, who remarks the general toleration of the Saracens,
(tom ii. p. 72.)]

[Footnote 57: John Leo Afer, de Medicis et Philosophus Arabibus, c. 14,
apud Fabric. Bibliot. Graec. tom. xiii. p. 278, 279. This philosopher is
named Esseriph Essachalli, and he died in Africa, A. H. 516, A.D. 1122.
Yet this story bears a strange resemblance to the Sherif al Edrissi, who
presented his book (Geographia Nubiensis, see preface p. 88, 90, 170) to
Roger, king of Sicily, A. H. 541, A.D. 1153, (D'Herbelot, Bibliotheque
Orientale, p. 786. Prideaux's Life of Mahomet, p. 188. Petit de la
Croix, Hist. de Gengiscan, p. 535, 536. Casiri, Bibliot. Arab. Hispan.
tom. ii. p. 9-13;) and I am afraid of some mistake.]

[Footnote 58: Malaterra remarks the foundation of the bishoprics,
(l. iv. c. 7,) and produces the original of the bull, (l. iv. c. 29.)
Giannone gives a rational idea of this privilege, and the tribunal of
the monarchy of Sicily, (tom. ii. p. 95-102;) and St. Marc (Abrege,
tom. iii. p. 217-301, 1st column) labors the case with the diligence of
a Sicilian lawyer.]

To Robert Guiscard, the conquest of Sicily was more glorious than
beneficial: the possession of Apulia and Calabria was inadequate to his
ambition; and he resolved to embrace or create the first occasion of
invading, perhaps of subduing, the Roman empire of the East. [59] From
his first wife, the partner of his humble fortune, he had been divorced
under the pretence of consanguinity; and her son Bohemond was destined
to imitate, rather than to succeed, his illustrious father. The second
wife of Guiscard was the daughter of the princes of Salerno; the
Lombards acquiesced in the lineal succession of their son Roger; their
five daughters were given in honorable nuptials, [60] and one of them
was betrothed, in a tender age, to Constantine, a beautiful youth,
the son and heir of the emperor Michael. [61] But the throne of
Constantinople was shaken by a revolution: the Imperial family of Ducas
was confined to the palace or the cloister; and Robert deplored, and
resented, the disgrace of his daughter and the expulsion of his ally.
A Greek, who styled himself the father of Constantine, soon appeared
at Salerno, and related the adventures of his fall and flight. That
unfortunate friend was acknowledged by the duke, and adorned with the
pomp and titles of Imperial dignity: in his triumphal progress through
Apulia and Calab