unknown (oil/water) 141 km (2007)

Railways:

total: 682 km
standard gauge: 682 km 1.435-m gauge (2006)

Roadways:

total: 96,155 km
paved: 32,308 km
unpaved: 63,847 km (2002)

Waterways:

7,100 km
note: Orinoco River (400 km) and Lake de Maracaibo navigable by
oceangoing vessels (2005)

Merchant marine:

total: 62
by type: bulk carrier 9, cargo 16, chemical tanker 3, liquefied gas
5, passenger/cargo 10, petroleum tanker 17, refrigerated cargo 2
foreign-owned: 12 (Chile 1, Denmark 1, Greece 3, Mexico 5, Panama 1,
Spain 1)
registered in other countries: 12 (Bahamas 1, Panama 10, Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines 1) (2008)

Ports and terminals:

La Guaira, Maracaibo, Puerto Cabello, Punta Cardon

Transportation - note:

the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and
offshore waters in the Caribbean Sea as a significant risk for
piracy and armed robbery against ships; numerous vessels, including
commercial shipping and pleasure craft, have been attacked and
hijacked both at anchor and while underway; crews have been robbed
and stores or cargoes stolen

Military
Venezuela

Military branches:

National Armed Forces (Fuerza Armada Nacionale, FAN): Ground Forces
or Army (Fuerzas Terrestres or Ejercito), Naval Forces (Fuerzas
Navales or Armada; includes Marines, Coast Guard), Air Force
(Fuerzas Aereas or Aviacion), Armed Forces of Cooperation or
National Guard (Fuerzas Armadas de Cooperacion or Guardia Nacional)

Military service age and obligation:

18-30 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service;
30-month conscript service obligation - all citizens 18-50 years old
are obligated to register for military service (2008)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16-49: 6,647,124
females age 16-49: 6,801,133 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16-49: 5,280,974
females age 16-49: 5,768,814 (2008 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 275,323
female: 274,106 (2008 est.)

Military expenditures:

1.2% of GDP (2005 est.)

Transnational Issues
Venezuela

Disputes - international:

claims all of the area west of the Essequibo River in Guyana,
preventing any discussion of a maritime boundary; Guyana has
expressed its intention to join Barbados in asserting claims before
the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) that
Trinidad and Tobago's marit