081; Hong Kong -
3,609,780; Anchorage - 2,691,395; Seoul - 2,336,572; Tokyo -
2,280,830; Shanghai - 2,168,122; Paris - 2,130,724; Frankfurt -
2,127,646; Louisville (US) - 1,983,032; Singapore - 1,931,881 (2006)

Heliports:

1,359 (2007)

Railways:

total: 1,370,782 km (2006)

Roadways:

total: 68,937,575 km (2008)

Waterways:

671,886 km (2004)

Ports and terminals:

top ten container ports (TEUs): Singapore - 24,792,400; Hong Kong -
23,539,000; Shanghai - 21,710,000; Shenzhen (China) - 18,468,890;
Busan (South Korea) - 12,030,000; Kaohsiung (Taiwan) - 9,774,670; -
Rotterdam - 9,603,000; Dubai (UAE) - 8,923,465; Hamburg - 8,861,545;
Los Angeles - 8,469,853 (2006)

Military
World

Military expenditures:

roughly 2% of GDP of gross world product (2005 est.)

Transnational Issues
World

Disputes - international:

stretching over 250,000 km, the world's 322 international land
boundaries separate 194 independent states and 70 dependencies,
areas of special sovereignty, and other miscellaneous entities;
ethnicity, culture, race, religion, and language have divided states
into separate political entities as much as history, physical
terrain, political fiat, or conquest, resulting in sometimes
arbitrary and imposed boundaries; most maritime states have claimed
limits that include territorial seas and exclusive economic zones;
overlapping limits due to adjacent or opposite coasts create the
potential for 430 bilateral maritime boundaries of which 209 have
agreements that include contiguous and non-contiguous segments;
boundary, borderland/resource, and territorial disputes vary in
intensity from managed or dormant to violent or militarized;
undemarcated, indefinite, porous, and unmanaged boundaries tend to
encourage illegal cross-border activities, uncontrolled migration,
and confrontation; territorial disputes may evolve from historical
and/or cultural claims, or they may be brought on by resource
competition; ethnic and cultural clashes continue to be responsible
for much of the territorial fragmentation and internal displacement
of the estimated 6.6 million people and cross-border displacements
of 8.6 million refugees around the world as of early 2006; just over
one million refugees were repatriated in the same period; other
sources of contention include access to water and mineral
(especially hydrocarbon) resources, fisheries, and arable land;
armed conflict prevails not so m