007)

Economic aid - recipient:

ODA, $464 million (2005)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$76.51 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Debt - external:

$247.1 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:

$106.4 billion (2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:

$11.35 billion (2007 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares:

$162.4 billion (2006)

Currency (code):

Turkish lira (TRY); old Turkish lira (TRL) before 1 January 2005

Currency code:

TRL, YTL

Exchange rates:

Turkish liras (TRY) per US dollar - 1.319 (2007), 1.4286 (2006),
1.3436 (2005), 1.4255 (2004), 1.5009 (2003)
note: on 1 January 2005 the old Turkish lira (TRL) was converted to
new Turkish lira (TRY) at a rate of 1,000,000 old to 1 new Turkish
lira

Communications
Turkey

Telephones - main lines in use:

18.413 million (2007)

Telephones - mobile cellular:

61.976 million (2007)

Telephone system:

general assessment: undergoing rapid modernization and expansion
especially with cellular telephones
domestic: additional digital exchanges are permitting a rapid
increase in subscribers; the construction of a network of
technologically advanced intercity trunk lines, using both
fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay, is facilitating
communication between urban centers; remote areas are reached by a
domestic satellite system; the number of subscribers to
mobile-cellular telephone service is growing rapidly
international: country code - 90; international service is provided
by the SEA-ME-WE-3 submarine cable and by submarine fiber-optic
cables in the Mediterranean and Black Seas that link Turkey with
Italy, Greece, Israel, Bulgaria, Romania, and Russia; satellite
earth stations - 12 Intelsat; mobile satellite terminals - 328 in
the Inmarsat and Eutelsat systems (2002)

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 16, FM 107, shortwave 6 (2001)

Radios:

11.3 million (1997)

Television broadcast stations:

635 (plus 2,934 repeaters) (1995)

Televisions:

20.9 million (1997)

Internet country code:

.tr

Internet hosts:

2.667 million (2008)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

50 (2001)

Internet users:

13.15 million (2006)

Transportation
Turkey

Airports:

117 (2007)

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 90
over 3,047 m: 15
2,438 to 3,047 m: 33
1,524 to 2,437 m: 19
914 to 1,