tinent, besides Brazil and America. The enema
came into use soon after the invention of the apparatus itself.
Bouvard, physician to Louis XIII, applied two hundred and twenty
enemata to this monarch in the course of six months. In the first years
of Louis XIV it became the fashion of the day. Ladies took three or
four a day to keep a fresh complexion, and the dandies used as many for
a white skin. Enemata were perfumed with orange, angelica, bergamot and
roses, and Mr. Kernot exclaims enthusiastically, "_O se tornasse questa
moda!_" (Oh, that this fashion would return!). The medical profession
at first hailed the invention with delight, but soon found the
application _infra dig._, and handed it over to the pharmacist; but
shameful invectives, sarcasms and epigrams, hurled at those who
exercised the humble duty of applying the apparatus, made them at last
resign it to barbers and hospital attendants. (_Year Book of
Therapeutics_, Wood, 1872.)

"The history of the warm bath," says Dr. Paris, "presents another
curious instance of the vicissitudes to which the reputation of our
valuable resources is so universally exposed. That which for so
many ages was esteemed the greatest luxury in health, and the most
efficacious remedy in disease, fell into total disrepute in the
reign of Augustus, for no other reason than because Antonius Musa
had cured the Emperor of a dangerous malady by the use of the cold
bath. The most frigid water that could be procured was in
consequence recommended on every occasion.... This practice,
however, was doomed but to an ephemeral popularity, for, although
it restored the Emperor to health, it shortly afterward killed his
nephew and son-in-law Marcellus, an event which at once deprived
the remedy of its credit and the physician of his popularity.

"That the _warm_ and not the _cold_ bath was esteemed by the
ancient Greeks for its invigorating properties may be inferred from
a dialogue of Aristophanes, in which one of the characters says, 'I
think none of the sons of the gods ever exceeded Hercules in bodily
and mental force.' Upon which the other asks, 'Where didst thou
ever see a cold bath dedicated to Hercules?'

"Thus there exists a fashion in medicine, as in the other affairs
of life, regulated by the caprice and supported by the authority of
a few leading practitioners, which has been frequently the occasi