tructions and
feel absolutely sure that he understands them, or, even if he understands
them, that he will carry them out properly. Among the qualities which are
included under intelligence are judgment and memory, the powers of
observation, expression in speaking or in writing, imagination, reasoning
power, and all other qualities which are purely intellectual. Most
unintelligent people are merely mentally asleep. They need to awaken, to
be on the alert, really to take the trouble to think. Many people have
capacity for thought who do not use it.

INDUSTRY

The fourth element is disposition to industry. Some wag once said: "All
men are lazy, but some are lazier than others." It might sound better to
say that all men are industrious, but some men are more industrious than
others. There is such a quality of body and mind as the quality of
predisposition to action and industry. Industry is very largely dependent
upon energy. Energy depends upon oxygen. If one sits in a room that is
stuffy and not well ventilated, one soon becomes stupid, sleepy, and not
particularly acute mentally. In other words, he is partly starved for
oxygen. Now, let him go out into the open air and breathe plenty of oxygen
into his lungs. In a little while he raises his chest and brings up the
crown of his head and takes the positive physical attitude. He is more
energetic. He is eager for activity--for work. Some people are naturally
deficient in depth, activity, and quality of lung power. They do not
breathe in or use much oxygen, so they are lacking in energy. Such people
are not predisposed to industry. Love of work--love of the game that
causes a man to be interested in every phase of his work--is not, however,
wholly dependent upon energy. It is something in the very heart and fiber
of the man. Willingness to work, perseverance in work, and decision come
under disposition to industry.

[Illustration: _Photo by F. Gutekunst, Phila_.
FIG. 1. Jacob A. Riis, Journalist, Author and Philanthropist. A man of
unusual intellectual power, observation, reason, memory, logic, and
analysis, with high ideals, great love for humanity, especially the weak
and helpless; good powers of expression, sense of humor, courage, and
determination. Note large development of upper part of head; fairly well
developed brows; high dome over temples; height and width of forehead,
especially across center; full lips; well developed nose; strong chin; and
alert, poised,