s President of
the Republic, he (General Cavaignac), "would submit with respect to the
will of the nation, and place his affections and his sword at the
disposal of the country and its executive representative," General
Cavaignac has published a letter in the journals, in which he denies
having ever used language from which it could be inferred "that he had
said, either directly or indirectly, that he was ever disposed to place
his affections and his sword at the service of the person who, after
having sworn the observation of the Constitution of the country, would
accept a candidature and an election which are forbidden by that
Constitution."

A letter written by the Duke de Nemours to M. Guizot has excited a good
deal of remark, though it has not been made public. It is said to be a
most luminous _expose_ of the present state of affairs in France, and
that it is calculated to do away in some measure with the favorable
effect produced by the Message. M. Guizot has read it to several of his
friends.

TURKEY.

We have intelligence of serious collisions between the Turks and
Christians in both Asiatic and European Turkey. In the former, the
religious zeal of the Turks prompts them to fanatical excesses against
the Christian population; in the latter, an obstinate struggle for
political supremacy has already commenced between the respective
followers of Christ and Mohammed. The sultan seems fated soon to be no
more than the protector of European Turkey, for Bulgaria has been
already made a principality as little dependent on the Porte as Servia
and Bosnia; the Herzegovina and Albania are evidently aiming at the same
privilege. Indeed the present position of Turkey appears any thing but
satisfactory.

The persecution of the Christians in Asiatic Turkey is terrible. On the
18th of October an attack was to have been made on the Christians at
Liwno, and one actually did take place on the 16th at Aleppo. A body of
Turks and Arabs fell upon the Christians during the night, and a fearful
massacre took place. The Greek bishop was among those murdered. The
pacha locked himself up in the fortress, and the troops did not attempt
to interfere. At Monasta, a fanatical dervish, who professed to be
inspired, killed a Christian boy of fourteen years of age, and a certain
Guiseppe Thomaso, an Italian emigrant, in the open street.

Accounts from Beyrout of the 4th of November state that for some years
past the Turkish government ha