ll who return to Manila by a certain day, he allows a specified
number to remain there for the aid and service of the Spaniards, and
obliges the rest to return at once to China. The fugitives who do not
come back to Manila are hunted down and slain by the Spanish troops,
aided by the natives. The two chief leaders of the Sangleys in their
flight are executed in public, and those who remain in Manila are kept
in the Parian under heavy guards of Indian troops; afterward these
Chinese are set at forced labor on the fortifications of Manila and
Cavite, thus taking a great part of that burden from the shoulders of
the natives. The same ambassador sent by Kue-sing returns to Manila
in April, 1663, this time with news of that corsair's death, and a
request from his successor for an amicable arrangement between them
and the maintenance of their trade. Our writer gives an interesting
sketch of Kue-sing's career, especially of his conquest of Formosa
(1660-61), the first occasion when Chinese had defeated a European
nation in war. The death of this formidable enemy relieves the fears
of the Manila colony; and the authorities decide to allow a moderate
number of Chinese to reside in the islands, since their services are
so necessary to the Spaniards.

Governor Salcedo sends to a friend (July 16, 1664) some account of
the affairs of the colony at his arrival in the islands--the treasury
almost empty, the soldiers unpaid, commerce paralyzed, and the natives
"irritated by cruel punishments." He takes vigorous measures, at once,
to improve the condition of the colony.

An unsigned document (1666?) gives the reasons why the civil
authorities have not executed the royal decrees subjecting
the Philippine friars in charge of parishes to the episcopal
visitation. Apparently written by a friar, it gives the reasons why
the missions must be administered by the religious orders rather
than by secular priests, and why the friars ask that they be not
placed under the episcopal authority. They allege that there are
still many heathen and Mahometans to be converted, throughout the
islands; that the missions are full of hardship; that the courage
and strict observance of the religious would grow lax under diocesan
supervision; and that the most able of them would not consent to such
subjection. Difficulties, also, must necessarily arise in the attempt
of a religious to obey his superiors when these are both religious and
ecclesiastical, and from