11. U.S. patent 34377, February 11, 1862.

12. Davenport & Bridges, car builders of Cambridge, Massachusetts, in
1841, obtained a U.S. patent for a swing-beam truck.

13. Gustavus Weissenborn in his authoritative _American Locomotive
Engineering and Railway Mechanism_ (New York, 1871, p. 131),
stated that when in use the V's soon acquired a polished surface
which seemed to defy wear.

14. U.S. patent 42662, May 10, 1864.

15. _Engineering_, July 12, 1867, vol. 4, p. 29.

16. John Headden, master mechanic of the New Jersey Railroad and
Transportation Company, built at the road's Jersey City shops
several locomotives equipped with Hudson's variety of the Bissell
truck. Headden, upon the death of Hudson, succeeded him in 1881 as
superintendent of the Roger Works.

17. It is believed that Harrison, Winans and Eastwick made one of the
first uses of a 2-wheel radial truck on a 2-6-0 built at the
Alexandrovsky Arsenal, St. Petersburg, in 1844-46. The success or
exact particulars of these machines is unknown. See John Jahn,
_Die Dampflokomotive in Entwicklungsgeschichtlicher Darstellung
Ihres Gesamtaufbaues_, Berlin, 1924, p. 239; Richard E. Peunoyer,
"Messrs. Harrison, Winans & Eastwick, St. Petersburg, Russia,"
_Railway and Locomotive Historical Society Bulletin_ no. 47,
September 1938, p. 46; and Joseph Harrison, Jr., _The Locomotive
Engine, and Philadelphia's Share in its Early Improvements_,
Philadelphia, 1872, p. 52.

18. Zerah Colburn, _Locomotive Engineering and the Mechanism of
Railways_, ..., London, 1871, p. 99. Zerah Colburn (1832-1870) was
one of the best informed and most vocal authorities on 19th-century
American locomotive construction. He not only designed advanced
machines while working at the New Jersey Locomotive Works but also
advocated many reforms in locomotive design. He published the
_Railroad Advocate_ in New York City for several years. In 1858 he
became editor of _The Engineer_ and in 1866 founded the technical
journal _Engineering_.

19. _American Railway Review_, June 8, 1860, vol. 2, p. 392. Holley
was a well known authority on locomotive engineering and the
author of several books on the subject.

20. _Engineering_ May 11, 1866, vol. 1, p. 313. By this time (1866),
the Eastern Counties Railway ha