ther
Dissenters were often hostile to the government, and have been
impatient under the evils which have afflicted England; but the
Methodists, taught subordination to superiors and rulers, and have
ever been patient, peaceful, and quiet.

* * * * *

REFERENCES.--Lord Mahon's History should be particularly
read; also Coxe's Memoirs of Walpole. Consult Smollett's and
Tindall's History of England, and Belsham's History of
George II. Smyth's Lectures are very valuable on this period
of English history. See, also, Bolingbroke's State of
Parties; Burke's Appeal from the Old to the New Whigs; Lord
Chesterfield's Characters; and Cobbett's Parliamentary
Debates. Reminiscences by Horace Walpole. For additional
information respecting the South Sea scheme, see Anderson's
and Macpherson's Histories of Commerce, and Smyth's
Lectures. The lives of the Pretenders have been well written
by Ray and Jesse. Tytler's History of Scotland should be
consulted; and Waverley may be read with profit. The rise of
the Methodists, the great event of the reign of George I.,
has been generally neglected. Lord Mahon has, however,
written a valuable chapter. See also Wesley's Letters and
Diary, and Lives, by Southey and Moore.

CHAPTER XX.

THE COLONIZATION OF AMERICA AND THE EAST INDIES.

[Sidenote: Commercial Enterprise.]

During the administration of Sir Robert Walpole, the English colonies
in America, and the East India Company's settlements began to attract
the attention of ministers, and became of considerable political
importance. It is, therefore, time to consider the history of
colonization, both in the East and West, and not only by the English,
but by the Spaniards, the Portuguese, the Dutch, and the French.

The first settlements in the new world by Europeans, and their
conquests in the unknown regions of the old, were made chiefly in view
of commercial advantages. The love of money, that root of all evil,
was overruled by Providence in the discovery of new worlds, and the
diffusion of European civilization in countries inhabited by savages,
or worn-out Oriental races. But the mere ignoble love of gain was not
the only motive which incited the Europeans to navigate unknown oceans
and colonize new continents. There was also another, and this was the
spirit of enterprise, which magically aroused the European mi