ere represented landing, received
by Industry, who, surrounded by her attributes--a bale of merchandise, a
pick-axe and shovel--released them from their fetters, and pointed them
to oxen ploughing. The legend was appropriate: "_Sic fortis Etruria
crevit_."[62]

"He who lives among a civilised people, may estimate the labor by which
society has been brought into such a state, by reading in the annals of
Botany Bay, the account of a whole nation exerting itself to floor the
government-house. Yet time shall come, when some Botany Bay Tacitus
shall record the crimes of an emperor lineally descended from a London
pickpocket."[63]

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 56: Introduction to _Phillip's Voyages_.]

[Footnote 57: _Bentham's Works_, part iii. p. 122.]

[Footnote 58: _Bentham's Works_, part iii. p. 7.]

[Footnote 59: _London, in the Eighteenth Century, by Charles Knight._]

[Footnote 60: A bill was brought into parliament by Mr. Bennet: it was,
however, maintained that the total abolition of such rewards would be
pernicious. The heir at law of a person killed in pursuit of a
highwayman, was still entitled to L40 and a Tyburn ticket, which
exempted the holder from serving on a jury, and other civil
liabilities.]

[Footnote 61: _Par. Papers_: quoted by Bentham, p. 174.]

[Footnote 62: _Collins_, vol. i. p. 179.]

SECTION IV.

The convicts first sent to New Holland, entered on the voyage with
dread. The letters they addressed to their friends, while the fleet lay
at anchor, were examined by the officers: they were filled with
lamentations. They deeply deplored, that the distance of their exile cut
off the hope of return; the perils of so long a voyage alone seemed
frightful: should they reach the shores of New Holland, they expected to
be destroyed by savages, or to pine away in want. The females seemed
least to fear their banishment; and while several of the men were deeply
moved, a spectator, who curiously remarked the mental influence of their
prospects, saw only one woman weep.[64]

When the ocean had often been traversed by convict ships, these vague
terrors declined; but the order, comfort, and security which now
prevail, were little known. The freight was of such importance, that the
masters were tempted to defraud the prisoners of water, and even of
food; confiding in their means to silence or compensate the sufferers,
when in sight of port, or to satisfy the government. So slightly
considered was this spec