shoulders and the waist by a dried skin of
kangaroo. The women wore the same, with the addition of ruffles. The
dress of Europeans greatly distressed them: they endured it no longer
than their visit; yet they were sensible of cold, and could bear less
exposure to the weather than Englishmen. They sat close to their fires;
and, during days of rain, continued under shelter. The men wore, on the
head, grease mixed with ochre--a sort of plumbago, found at the
Hampshire Hills: it was used partly for ornament, and partly as a
substitute for cleanliness. Bits of wood, feathers, flowers, and
kangaroo teeth, were inserted in the hair, which was separated into
tufts, rolled and matted together. This decoration was denied the women:
their hair was cropped close, with sharp crystal; some on the one side
of the head only, in others like the tonsure of the priest. They were
accustomed to ornament the body by several methods, differing perhaps
with different tribes. Patches of ochre and grease formed a considerable
portion of their adornment. With a shining mineral they drew symmetrical
lines on the neck, shoulders and face, and various parts of the body; in
some cases they resembled epaulettes, in others they imitated the eye:
they also made incisions, which they kept open by grease, till the skin
was raised, and the process complete: the torment they endured with
great fortitude, and affected indifference. _Penderome_, the brother of
a western chief, underwent this operation, which was performed by a
woman with broken glass. The flesh of his shoulder opened like crimped
fish; but he interrupted the process by antics and laughter. They wore a
necklace called _merrina_; it was principally composed of pearly blue
shells, bored by the eye tooth, and strung on the sinews of kangaroo.
These shells were cleansed by the acid of wood steam, and received a
high polish.

_Arms and Implements._--Their utensils and weapons were simple: the
baskets, formed of grass, described by Furneaux, were not afterwards
improved, but they answered the end. The waddy was a short piece of
wood, reduced and notched towards the grasp, and slightly rounded at the
point. The spear, nine or ten feet long, was pointed at the larger end,
straightened by the teeth, and balanced with great nicety. The spearman,
while poising the weapon, held others in his left hand, prepared for
instant use: the spear, thus poised, seemed for a few seconds to spin,
and it would strike