e, Administrator,
and Captain of the forces of a populous province without any counsellor
but his rude understanding, or any guide but his passions." [101]

By Royal Decree of 1844 Government officials were thenceforth strictly
prohibited to trade, under pain of removal from office.

In the year 1850 there were 34 Provinces, and two Political Military
Commandancies. Until June, 1886, the offices of provincial Civil
Governor and Chief Judge of that province were vested in the same
person--the _Alcalde Mayor_. This created a strange anomaly, for an
appeal against an edict of the Governor had to be made to himself
as Judge. Then if it were taken to the central authority in Manila,
it was sent back for "information" to the Judge-Governor, without
independent inquiry being made in the first instance; hence protest
against his acts was fruitless.

During the Regency of Queen Maria Christina, this curious arrangement
was abolished by a Decree dated in Madrid, February 26, 1886, to take
effect on June 1 following.

Eighteen Civil Governorships were created, and _Alcaldes'_ functions
were confined to their judgeships; moreover, the Civil Governor was
assisted by a Secretary, so that two new official posts were created
in each of these provinces.

The Archipelago, including Sulu, was divided into 19 Civil Provincial
Governments, four Military General Divisions, 43 Military Provincial
Districts, and four Provincial Governments under Naval Officers,
forming a total of 70 Divisions and Sub-Divisions.

COST OF SPANISH ADMINISTRATION

P. cts.

The Gov.-General received a salary of 40,000 00

The Central Government Office, called "_Gobierno
General_," with its Staff of Officials and all
expenses 43,708 00

The General Government Centre was assisted in the
General Administration of the Islands by two other
Governing Bodies, namely:

The General Direction of Civil Administration 29,277 34

The Administrative Council 28,502 00

The Chief of the General Direction received a salary of P12,000, with
an allowance for official visits to the Provinces of P500 per annum.

The Council was composed of three Members, each at a salary of P4,700,
besides a Secretary and officials.

Seventy divisions and sub-divisions as follows, viz.:--

CIVIL GOVERNMENTS

M