ten hairesin kai te
ex askeseos hexei, touto prosechesteron sunengizon, makarios on dia ten
ton agathon periousian, oste heneka ge touton exomoiousthai biazetai to
didaskalo eis apatheian.] Strom. VII. 69-83: VI. 14, 113: [Greek: houtos
dunamin labousa kuriaken he psuche meleta einai Theos, kakon men ouden
allo plen agnoias einai nomizousa.] The whole 7th Book should be read.]

[Footnote 669: Philo is quoted by Clement several times and still more
frequently made use of without acknowledgment. See the copious citations
in Siegfried, Philo von Alexandrien, pp. 343-351. In addition to this
Clement made use of many Greek philosophers or quoted them without
acknowledgment, e.g., Musonius.]

[Footnote 670: Like Philo and Justin, Clement also no doubt at times
asserts that the Greek philosophers pilfered from the Old Testament; but
see Strom. I. 5. 28 sq.: [Greek: panton men aitios ton kalon ho Theos,
alla ton men kata proegoumenon hos tes te diathekes tes palaias kai tes
neas, ton de kat' epakolouthema hos tes philosophias. tacha de kai
proegoumenos tois Hellesin edothe tote prin e ton kyrion kalesai kai
tous Hellenas. epaidagogei gar kai aute to Hellenikon hos ho nomos tous
Hebraious eis Christon.]]

[Footnote 671: See Bratke's instructive treatise cited above.]

[Footnote 672: The fact that Clement appeals in support of the Gnosis to
an esoteric tradition (Strom. VI. 7. 61: VI. 8. 68: VII. 10. 55) proves
how much this writer, belonging as he did to a sceptical age,
underestimated the efficacy of all human thought in determining the
ultimate truth of things. The existence of sacred writings containing
all truth was not even enough for him; the content of these writings had
also to be guaranteed by divine communication. But no doubt the ultimate
cause of this, as of all similar cases of scepticism, was the dim
perception that ethics and religion do not at all come within the sphere
of the intellectual, and that the intellect can produce nothing of
religious value. As, however, in consequence of philosophical tradition,
neither Philo, nor the Gnostics, nor Clement, nor the Neoplatonists were
able to shake themselves free from the intellectual _scheme_, those
things which--as they instinctively felt, but did not recognise--could
really not be ascertained by knowledge at all received from them the
name of _suprarational_ and were traced to divine revelation. We may say
that the extinction or pernicious extravagancies to whic