influence. He then began the practice of law in connection
with his journalistic work. In 1889 he was tendered and he
accepted a principalship of one of the grammar schools of
Washington, D. C., the position he still holds.

In 1875 he was chosen at Richmond the president of the
Virginia Educational and Historical Association and was four
times re-elected. He has served two terms as the president
of the "Bethel Literary," with which he has been officially
connected for twenty years. He was one of the original
members of the American Negro Academy founded by Rev.
Alexander Crummell, and is its corresponding secretary.

In 1873 he was married to Miss Lucy A. McGuinn, of Richmond,
Va. Six children survive of that marriage, the eldest being
Miss Otelia Cromwell, the first Colored graduate (1900) of
Smith College, Mass. In 1892 he married Miss Annie E. Conn,
of Mechanicsburg, Pa.

In 1887 he became a member of the Metropolitan A. M. E.
Church under the pastorate of Rev., now Chaplain, T. G.
Steward.

Among his addresses and papers are "The Negro in Business,"
"The Colored Church in America," "Nat Turner, a Historical
Sketch," "Benjamin Banneker," "The Negro as a Journalist,"
and other historical and statistical studies. The first
named, published for a syndicate of metropolitan newspapers
in 1886, found its way in one form or other in nearly all
the representative papers of the land.

The status of the Negro at the close of the eighteenth and the opening
of the nineteenth centuries was substantially the same, North and
South. These well-defined geographical sections on both sides of Mason
and Dixon's line were not as extensive then as now. Ohio, Kentucky and
Tennessee were the only states west of the Alleghanies; Florida was a
foreign possession, Alabama and the region beyond were to be numbered
with the United States at a subsequent period.

The colored population in 1800 was 1,001,436, free and slave, or 18.88
per cent of the entire population; 893,041 were slaves, of whom there
were in round numbers 30,000 in the states of New Hampshire, Rhode
Island, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, New York and Delaware; 20,000 were
in New York alone. In 1900 the total population is 76,303,387, with
8,840,789 persons of Negro descent, or 11.5 of the aggregate
population.

The year 1800 marks the beginning o