two francs a day,--the highest wages in Paris at that
time for an artisan. There was no particular work for them to do,
but the arrangement kept them disciplined and out of mischief, though
at an enormous cost to the country. At the Palace of the Luxembourg
Louis Blanc was permitted to hold a series of great labor meetings,--a
sort of Socialist convention,--and to inveigh against "capitalists"
and "bloated bondholders" in a style that was much more novel then
than it is now. Lamartine greatly disapproved of these Luxembourg
proceedings; but he argued that it was better to countenance them
than to throw Louis Blanc and his friends into open opposition
to the Government. Louis Blanc was a charming writer, whose views
on social questions have made great progress since his day. His
brother Charles wrote a valuable book on art. He himself wrote a
"History of the Revolution" and the "History of Ten Years,"--that
is, from 1830 to 1840. He bitterly hated Louis Philippe and the
_bourgeoisie_, and yet his book is fair and honest, and the work of
a gentleman. He was almost a dwarf, but his face was very handsome,
clean-shaved, with bright eyes and brown hair. I may remark _en
passant_ that not one of the members of the Provisional Government
wore either a beard or a moustache.

One of the first things the Provisional Government did was to decree
that the personal property of the Orleans family should not be
confiscated, but placed in the hands of a receiver, who should
pay the king and princes liberal allowances till it became certain
that their wealth would not be spent in raising an army for the
invasion of France.

Louis Philippe lived only two years after reaching England. They
were apparently not unhappy years to him. He sat at the foot of
his own table, and carved the joint daily for his guests, children,
and grandchildren. He dictated his Memoirs, and talked with the
greatest openness to those who wished to converse with him.

The Duc d'Aumale was head of the army in Algeria, and governor-general
of the colony, when the Revolution broke out. Here is the address
which he at once published to his soldiers and the people, and
with which the whole of his after life has been consistent:--

Inhabitants of Algeria! Faithful to my duties as a citizen and a
soldier, I have remained at my post as long as I could believe my
presence would be useful in the service of my country. It can no
longer be so. General Cavaignac is appoint