e of such an act, had crossed over to the opposite
coast to visit Pharnabazus; he had left everything in perfect order,
entrusting the government of the city to Coeratadas and Helixus. His
mission was to obtain pay for the soldiers from the Persian satrap,
and to collect vessels from various quarters. Some were already in the
Hellespont, where they had been left as guardships by Pasippidas, or
else at Antandrus. Others formed the fleet which Agesandridas, who had
formerly served as a marine (5) under Mindarus, now commanded on the
Thracian coast. Others Clearchus purposed to have built, and with the
whole united squadron to so injure the allies of the Athenians as to
draw off the besieging army from Byzantium. But no sooner was he fairly
gone than those who were minded to betray the city set to work. Their
names were Cydon, Ariston, Anaxicrates, Lycurgus, and Anaxilaus. The
last-named was afterwards impeached for treachery in Lacedaemon on the
capital charge, and acquitted on the plea that, to begin with, he was
not a Lacedaemonian, but a Byzantine, and, so far from having betrayed
the city, he had saved it, when he saw women and children perishing of
starvation; for Clearchus had given away all the corn in the city to the
Lacedaemonian soldiers. It was for these reasons, as Anaxilaus himself
admitted, he had introduced the enemy, and not for the sake of money,
nor out of hatred to Lacedaemon.

(4) According to the constitution of Lacedaemon the whole government
was in Dorian hands. The subject population was divided into (1)
Helots, who were State serfs. The children of Helots were at times
brought up by Spartans and called "Mothakes"; Helots who had
received their liberty were called "Neodamodes" ({neodamodeis}).
After the conquest of Messenia this class was very numerous. (2)
Perioeci. These were the ancient Achaean inhabitants, living in
towns and villages, and managing their own affairs, paying
tribute, and serving in the army as heavy-armed soldiers. In 458
B.C. they were said to number thirty thousand. The Spartans
themselves were divided, like all Dorians, into three tribes,
Hylleis, Dymanes, and Pamphyli, each of which tribes was divided
into ten "obes," which were again divided into {oikoi} or families
possessed of landed properties. In 458 B.C. there were said to be
nine thousand such families; but in course of time, through
alienation of lands, dea