eiss, _op. cit._, II. p. 205.]

[Footnote 7: Ibid., II. p. 206.]

[Footnote 8: Oppenheim: The Naval Tracts of Sir Wm. Monson. Vol. II.
Appendix B., p. 316.]

[Footnote 9: In 1509, owing to the difficulties experienced by merchants
in ascending the Guadalquivir, ships were given permission to load and
register at Cadiz under the supervision of an inspector or "visitador,"
and thereafter commerce and navigation tended more and more to gravitate
to that port. After 1529, in order to facilitate emigration to America,
vessels were allowed to sail from certain other ports, notably San
Sebastian, Bilboa, Coruna, Cartagena and Malaga. The ships might
register in these ports, but were obliged always to make their return
voyage to Seville. But either the _cedula_ was revoked, or was never
made use of, for, according to Scelle, there are no known instances of
vessels sailing to America from those towns. The only other exceptions
were in favour of the Company of Guipuzcoa in 1728, to send ships from
San Sebastian to Caracas, and of the Company of Galicia in 1734, to send
two vessels annually to Campeache and Vera Cruz. (Scelle, _op. cit._, i.
pp. 48-49 and notes.)]

[Footnote 10: Scelle, _op. cit._, i. p. 36 _ff._]

[Footnote 11: In Nov. 1530 Charles V., against the opposition of the
_Contratacion_, ordered the Council of the Indies to appoint a resident
judge at Cadiz to replace the officers of the _Casa_ there. This
institution, called the "Juzgado de Indias," was, until the removal of
the _Casa_ to Cadiz in 1717, the source of constant disputes and
irritation.]

[Footnote 12: Scelle, _op. cit._, i. p. 52 and note; Duro: Armada
Espanola, I. p. 204.]

[Footnote 13: The distinction between the Flota or fleet for New Spain
and the galleons intended for Terra Firma only began with the opening of
the great silver mines of Potosi, the rich yields of which after 1557
made advisable an especial fleet for Cartagena and Nombre de Dios.
(Oppenheim, II. Appendix B., p. 322.)]

[Footnote 14: Memoir of MM. Duhalde and de Rochefort to the French king,
1680 (Margry, _op. cit._, p. 192 _ff._).]

[Footnote 15: Memoir of MM. Duhalde and de Rochefort to the French king,
1680 (Margry, _op. cit._, p. 192 _ff._)]

[Footnote 16: Scelle, _op. cit._, i. p. 64; Dampier: Voyages, _ed._
1906, i. p. 200.]

[Footnote 17: Gage: A New Survey of the West Indies, _ed._ 1655, pp.
185-6. When Gage was at Granada, in February 1637, strict orders were
r