w, pointed windows, lancet-shaped;
clustered pillars. Example, the choir, Westminster Abbey, or
Salisbury Cathedral. 1272 to 1307 was another _Transition_ period,
tracery being introduced into the windows, as at the east end of
Lincoln Cathedral.

Decorated, 1307 to 1377. Geometrical tracery in windows, enriched
doorways, and beautifully arranged mouldings. The Lady Chapel of
Ely Cathedral is a good example. This style underwent _Transition_
from 1377 to 1407, when the lines became less flowing, as in the
choir of York Minster.

Perpendicular, 1399 to 1547. Upright lines of moulding in windows;
doorways, a combination of square heads with pointed arches. Example,
King's College Chapel, Cambridge.

Tudor, or Elizabethan, 1550 to 1600. A debased species of
Perpendicular, mostly employed in domestic architecture.

Jacobean, 1603 to 1641. An admixture of the Classical with the
Gothic, or Pointed style.

ARIANS. Heretics, so named from Arius, a native of Libya, their
first founder. He was born about the middle of the 3rd century,
and taught that God the Son was not equal to God the Father, being
neither consubstantial nor co-eternal with the Father. As created
by the Father, Arius looked upon our Lord as the highest of all
creatures, and in that sense the Son of God. These heretics were
condemned by the Council of Nice, in 325.

ARMINIANS. A party so-called after Arminius, (the Latin form of
James Harmensen, a Dutchman,) the opposer of Calvinism. Arminius
held that salvation is possible for all men, if they repent and
believe in Jesus Christ, inasmuch as He died for the sins of the
whole world. They reject the doctrine of Predestination, as
generally held; and the doctrine of final perseverance, they
deem uncertain and needing more proof. (See _Antinomianism and
Calvinism_.)

ARTICLES, THE THIRTY-NINE. The Church of England's definition of
Christian doctrine, and as such they have to be subscribed by all
who seek Holy Orders. Formerly, every graduate of our Universities
had to subscribe them. Many of the Articles are of a confessedly
elastic nature, being so framed as to embrace the views of the
various parties in the Church: but at the same time they are not
so indefinite as many would have us believe.

Their history is this:--In 1553 Cranmer, Ridley, and others, drew
up 42 Articles, which were more or less taken from the "Confession
of Augsburgh," composed by Luther and Melancthon. In 1562 these 42
Articles we