thout mental effort, so swiftly and surely do the verbal
memory images reestablish old sensations or combine with old sensations
to the formation of new. In the fourth form, we will add the _B_
(Beauty) when the image which we see is such as to appeal pleasurably to
the aesthetic sense. That there should be perfect agreement in the use of
any one of these symbols in any particular case is, of course, not to be
expected. Our individual experiences have been so different and the
associations of sensation are so varied that the character and intensity
of any visualization must differ in each individual. This, of course, is
one of the things that complicate the problem of literary composition
and make study of these things of particular importance.

=19. Audition and Other Sensations.=--As the problem of audition is of
less moment than that of visualization, we will make but the one
distinction between such presentation of sound as calls up the idea of
the sound only, _a__1 and such as produces in us the sense of the sound
itself, _a__2, premising that any one who chooses may make the three
divisions preceding.

Appeals to the other senses as occurring less often, we may group
together under the symbol _S_, using 1 with this, as with _a_, when it
comes to us in the conceptual way, and 2 when it comes as an excitant of
sensation.

=20. Instances of Visualization.=--Before we go farther, it will be well
to examine briefly an example or two of literary description.

"The rim of the sun was burning the hilltops, and already _V__2
the vanguard of his strength stemming the morning mists,
when I and my companion first trod the dust of a small _V__2
town which stood in our path. It still lay very hard and
white, however, and sharply edged to its girdle of olive _V__1
and mulberry trees drenched in dew, a compactly folded
town well fortified by strong walls and many towers, with
the mist upon it and softly over it like a veil. For it _V__2
lay well under the shade of the hills awaiting the sun's
coming. In the streets, though they were by no means _V__1
asleep, but, contrariwise, busy with the traffic of men _S__2
and pack mules, there was a shrewd bite as of night air; _V__2
looking up we could perceive how faint the blue of the
sky was, and the cloud-flaw how rosy yet with the flush
of Aurora's beauty-sleep. Therefore w