17: "In this camp, as is usual where civilians are
detained, the atmosphere is one of depression."--Mr. Jackson on
a civilian camp at Senne, Sept. 11, 1915.]

[Footnote 18: "Overseer" seems to be a translation of the German
"Obermann," and represents, I think, the captain of a barrack.]

[Footnote 19: The second list represents members of the Camp
Committee (see further p. 99).]

[Footnote 20: "Barrack" is no doubt meant.]

[Footnote 21: There are a large number of men interned at
Ruhleben who are technically British subjects by reason of their
having been born in British territory of naturalised British
subjects, but who have spent practically all their lives in
Germany.]

[Footnote 22: Cf. the report on Knockaloe (May, 1916) on p.
114.]

[Footnote 23: The original barrack captains were chosen, as an
informant of mine writes, "in a hurry, when things were
chaotic." Dissatisfaction was felt with their action, or
inaction, and a "Camp Committee" was formed of newly elected
representatives of the different barracks, which was, as it
were, to supervise the captains (overseers). The arrangement was
scarcely likely to work, and did not. The election, moreover,
seems to have been but partial.]

[Footnote 24: Cf. p. 115.]

[Footnote 25: One of the difficulties at Newbury was the absence
of light.]

[Footnote 26: A very useful account of Ruhleben is given by
Israel Cohen in "The Ruhleben Prison Camp." In reading such
accounts one must always, however, remember that to complete the
picture we ought to be able to read accounts written by interned
German civilians of their experiences on this side. Such a
consideration should be obvious, but in war the obvious and
reasonable are too often vehemently rejected as "unpatriotic"!]

[Footnote 27: For the mental difference between the civilian and
the military prisoner see page 84.]

[Footnote 28: Compare the letter written by Oscar Levy, M.D.,
from Muerren, Switzerland, which appeared in the _Manchester
Guardian_ of Sept. 4, 1916: "That such grave cases exist the
letters I have been receiving from both sides prove without
doubt." That was _two years ago_.]

[Footnote 29: The earlier reports of the International Red Cross
covered very little of this ground. (See footnote, p. 9.)]

[Footnote 30: Compare