bsolute uniformity,
perfect continuity, and the highest possible fuel economy.

[Illustration: FIG. 11.--Japanning and Enamelling Stove for
Iron-Bedsteads and Household Ironmongery with Truck on Rails.]

[Illustration: FIG. 12--Permanent Japanning and Enamelling Stove for
Kitchen Utensils built in Masonry.]

The nature of the work to be executed in the different classes and
various sizes of stoves vary so greatly and indefinitely that only by
careful attention to the special requirements of each case, on the
part of the designers and constructors, is it possible to obtain the
most satisfactory results.

The arrangement of fixing the pipes round the lower walls of the room
in this form of stove is somewhat cumbersome, but in a roomy stove
this slight drawback is not felt quite so much. However, it seems a
good principle to leave every inch of internal space available for the
goods to be enamelled or japanned, This principle is carried out to
the letter in the other form of stoves described and illustrated in
the sequel.

The figure shows a section through single chamber japanning and
enamelling oven heated by hot-water pipes (steel) closed at both ends
and partially filled with water which always remains sealed up
therein, and never evaporates until the pipes require to be refilled.

This stove may be heated (1) by hot-water pipes (iron), (2) by
super-heated water, (3) by steam, but only to 80 deg. C. The different
compartments may be heated to uniform or to different temperatures
with hot water; the stoke-hole is at the side and thus quite separated
from the stove proper.

The ovens must be on the ground floor, so that the super-heated steam
from the basement may be available.

The great drawback to the use of gas for heating japanning and
enamelling stoves is the great cost of coal gas.

[Illustration: FIG. 13.--Portable Gas Heated Japanning and Enamelling
Stove fitted with Shelves, Thermometer, etc.]

PIGMENTS SUITABLE FOR JAPANNING WITH NATURAL LACQUER.

_White Pigments._--Barium sulphate and bismuth oxychloride. These two
are used for the white lacquer or as a body for coloured lacquers.
When the lacquer is to be dried at a high temperature barium sulphate
is preferable, but when it is dried at an ordinary temperature bismuth
oxychloride is better. Since the lacquer is originally of a brown
colour the white lacquer is not pure white, but rather greyish or
yellowish. Many white pigments, such as zinc