g. He says:

My invention has for its object the manufacture of weldless stayed
chains, whereof each link, together with its cross strut or stay, is
made of one piece of metal without any weld or joint; and the
invention consists in producing a chain of stayed links from a bar of
cruciform section by the consecutive series of punching, twisting and
stamping operations hereinafter described, the punching operations
being entirely performed on the metal when in the cold state.

Figs. 1 to 10 show the progressive stages in the manufacture of the
chain, and the remaining figures show the series of tools that are
employed.

The general method of operation of making stayed chains according to
my invention is so far similar to the methods heretofore proposed for
making unstayed chains from the bar of cruciform section that the
links are formed alternately out of the one and the other pair of
diametrically opposite webs of the rod, the links, when severed and
completed, being already enchained together at the time of their
formation. The successive operations differ, however, in many
important practical respects from those heretofore proposed, as will
appear from the following detailed description of the successive steps
in the process illustrated by Figs. 1 to 10.

I will distinguish the one pair of diametrically opposite webs of the
bar and the notches and mortises punched therein and the links formed
therefrom from the other pair by an index figure 1 affixed to the
reference letters appertaining thereto.

_a a_ are one pair of diametrically opposite webs, and _a' a'_ the
other pair of webs of the bar.

[Illustration: Figures 2_a-_b, 6_a_, 4_a-b_, 7 _a-b_ and 10 _a-b_
MANUFACTURE OF WELDLESS CHAINS]

The first operation illustrated in Fig. 1 is to punch out of the edge
of one of the webs, _a_, a series of shallow notches, _b_, at equal
intervals apart, corresponding to the pitch of the links to be formed
out of that pair of webs and situated where the spaces will ultimately
be formed between the ends of that series of links. The notches are
made with beveled ends, and are no deeper than is absolutely necessary
(for the purpose of a guide stop in the subsequent operations, as
hereinafter described), so as to avoid, as far as possible, weakening
the bar transversely. This operation is repeated upon one of the pairs
of webs _a'_; but whereas in the first operation of notching the web
the "pitch" of the no