cerebral organization of
Palaeocosmic men referred to above by Wallace. In summing up one
division of his argument, he truly remarks: "If we assume with the
supporters of the savage-theory that man has himself invented all that
he now knows, then the very earliest inventions of our race must have
been the most wonderful of all, and the richest in the fruits they
bore. The man who first discovered the use of fire, and the use of
those grasses which we now know under the name of corn, were
discoverers compared with whom, as regards the value of their ideas to
the world, Faraday and Wheatstone are but the inventors of ingenious
toys. It may possibly be true, as Whately argues, that man never could
have discovered these things without divine instruction. If so, it is
fatal to the savage theory. But it is equally fatal to that theory if
we assume the opposite position, and suppose that the noblest
discoveries ever made by man were made by him in primeval times."

I may add that this is true, however far into antiquity we may stretch
back these primeval times.

Professor E. S. Morse, in his address to the American Association, in
1876, as vice-president, takes as a theme the contributions of
American zoologists to theories of evolution, and closes with those
which refer to what he modestly terms "man's lowly origin." These
contributions he sums up under three heads, as bearing on the
following points: "1. That in his earlier stages he reveals certain
persistent characters of the ape; 2. That the more ancient men reveal
more ape-like features than the present existing men; and, 3. That
certain characteristics pertaining to early men still persist in the
inferior races of men." Under the first head he gives contributions to
the well-known fact that embryonic stages of the human being, like
those of other high types, approximate to forms permanent in lower
types. This is a fact inseparable from the law of reproduction; and as
has been already shown in the text, absolutely without logical
significance as even an analogical argument in favor of evolution.
Under the second and third heads, he refers to cases of exceptional
skulls and bones belonging to idiots and degraded races of men, as
showing tendencies to lower forms, which as a matter of course they
do, though with essential differences still marking them as human; and
he assumes without any proof that these were relatively more common in
primitive times, and that they are