so to GAS (_Gas Manufacture_) and COAL TAR;
the device for the condensation of the exhaust steam of a steam-engine
is treated in the article STEAM-ENGINE. In woollen manufactures,
"condensation" of the wool is an important operation and is accomplished
by means of a "condenser." The term is also given--generally as a
qualification, e.g. condensing-syringe, condensing-pump,--to apparatus
by which air or a vapour may be compressed. In optics a "condenser" is a
lens, or system of lenses, which serves to concentrate or bring the
luminous rays to a focus; it is specially an adjunct to the optical
lantern and microscope. In electrostatics a condenser is a device for
concentrating an electrostatic charge (see ELECTROSTATICS; LEYDEN JAR;
ELECTROPHORUS).

CONDER, CHARLES (1868-1909), English artist, son of a civil engineer,
was born in London, and spent his early years in India. After an English
education he went into the government service in Australia, but in 1890
determined to devote himself to art, and studied for several years in
Paris, where in 1893 he became an associate of the Societe Nationale des
Beaux-Arts. About 1895 his reputation as an original painter,
particularly of Watteau-like designs for fans, spread among a limited
circle of artists in London, mainly connected first with the New English
Art Club, and later the International Society; and his unique and
charming decorative style, in dainty pastoral scenes, gradually gave him
a peculiar vogue among connoisseurs. Examples of his work were bought
for the Luxembourg and other art galleries. Conder suffered much in
later years from ill-health, and died on the 9th of February 1909.

CONDILLAC, ETIENNE BONNOT DE (1715-1780), French philosopher, was born
at Grenoble of a legal family on the 30th of September 1715, and, like
his elder brother, the well-known political writer, abbe de Mably, took
holy orders and became abbe de Mureau.[1] In both cases the profession
was hardly more than nominal, and Condillac's whole life, with the
exception of an interval as tutor at the court of Parma, was devoted to
speculation. His works are _Essai sur l'origine des connaissances
humaines_ (1746), _Traite des systemes_ (1749), _Traite des sensations_
(1754), _Traite des animaux_ (1755), a comprehensive _Cours d'etudes_
(1767-1773) in 13 vols., written for the young Duke Ferdinand of Parma,
a grandson of Louis XV., _Le Commerce et le gouvernement, consideres
relativement