ting clause so as to change it from a joint resolution to a
concurrent resolution, since, under its original shape, it would
require the President's approval.

This amendment having been made, Mr. Anthony moved to further amend
the resolution by striking out all after the word "otherwise." The
following are the words proposed to be stricken out:

"And until such report shall have been made and finally
acted on by Congress, no member shall be received into
either house from any of the said so-called Confederate
States; and all papers relating to the representation of
said States shall be referred to the said committee without
debate."

Mr. Howard, of Michigan, preferred the resolution as it came from the
House of Representatives. "It contains within itself a pledge on the
part of the two houses, that until the report of this important
committee shall have been presented, we will not reaedmit any of the
rebel States, either by the recognition of their Senators or their
Representatives. I think the country expects nothing less than this at
our hands. I think that portion of the loyal people of the United
States who have sacrificed so much of blood and treasure in the
prosecution of the war, and who secured to us the signal victory which
we have achieved over the rebellion, have a right to at least this
assurance at our hands, that neither house of Congress will recognize
as States any one of the rebel States until the event to which I have
alluded.

"Sir, what is the present position and _status_ of the rebel States?
In my judgment they are simply conquered communities, subjugated by
the arms of the United States; communities in which the right of
self-government does not now exist. Why? Because they have been for
the last four years hostile, to the most surprising unanimity hostile,
to the authority of the United States, and have, during that period,
been waging a bloody war against that authority. They are simply
conquered communities, and we hold them, as we know well, as the world
knows to-day, not by their own free will and consent as members of the
Union, but solely by virtue of our military power, which is executed
to that effect throughout the length and breadth of the rebel States.
There is in those States no rightful authority, according to my view,
at this time, but that of the United States; and every political act,
every governmental act exercised within their limits, must ne